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Crop types have stronger effects on soil microbial communities and functionalities than biochar or fertilizer during two cycles of legume-cereal rotations of dry land.
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136958 Muhammad Azeem 1 , Daquan Sun 2 , David Crowley 3 , Rifat Hayat 4 , Qaiser Hussain 4 , Amjad Ali 5 , Muhammad Ibrahim Tahir 6 , Parimala Gnana Soundari Arockiam Jeyasundar 5 , Jörg Rinklebe 7 , Zengqiang Zhang 5
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136958 Muhammad Azeem 1 , Daquan Sun 2 , David Crowley 3 , Rifat Hayat 4 , Qaiser Hussain 4 , Amjad Ali 5 , Muhammad Ibrahim Tahir 6 , Parimala Gnana Soundari Arockiam Jeyasundar 5 , Jörg Rinklebe 7 , Zengqiang Zhang 5
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The addition of biochar to agricultural fields has been widely studied, but most of these studies have emphasized its effects by growing a single type of crop over short- to long-term time spans. Additionally, a limited number of studies have focused on the soil microbial community composition with respect to biochar addition in legume-cereal crop rotation. In this study, we examined soil microbial community structures by adding biochar (0, 5, and 10 t ha-1) and fertilizer (nitrogen-N, phosphorous-P and potassium-K) during 2 cycles of mash bean and wheat rotations. The results showed that the bacterial (16S rRNA) gene abundance was often increased by biochar addition in the presence of mash bean (Vigna mungo L.) but not wheat. When the soil received fertilizer, the bacterial gene abundance was less responsive to biochar addition. Fungal (ITS rRNA) copy numbers were enhanced by biochar and fertilizer in presence of wheat but were decreased in the presence of mash bean. Fertilizer addition also resulted in less change in ITS genes after biochar addition. Microbial functional groups including Gram+, Gram- and Pseudomonas bacteria were stimulated by biochar or fertilizer only in mash bean soils, while mycorrhizae were significantly increased by biochar in wheat soils. Although biochar addition affected soil properties, microbial community assays were not greatly altered by these physicochemical properties. In conclusion, the crop type played a decisive role, rather than biochar or fertilizer addition, in shaping microbial community structures (16S and ITS phyla) during crop rotation.
中文翻译：
在旱地豆类-谷物的两个轮作周期中，农作物类型对土壤微生物群落和功能的影响要比生物炭或肥料强。
人们已经广泛研究了将生物炭添加到农田中的方法，但是这些研究大多数都强调了通过在短期至长期时间内种植单一类型的农作物而产生的影响。另外，有限的研究集中于在豆类-谷物作物轮作中添加生物炭方面的土壤微生物群落组成。在这项研究中，我们通过在两次mash麦和小麦轮作周期中添加生物炭（0、5和10 t ha-1）和肥料（氮肥，磷肥和钾钾肥）来检查土壤微生物群落结构。结果表明，在存在豆（Vigna mungo L.）但不存在小麦的情况下，添加生物炭通常会增加细菌（16S rRNA）基因的丰度。当土壤接受肥料时，细菌基因丰度对添加生物炭的反应较弱。小麦存在时，生物炭和肥料增加了真菌（ITS rRNA）的拷贝数，但在豆存在时，真菌的拷贝数却降低了。添加生物炭后，添加肥料还导致ITS基因的变化较小。仅在functional豆土壤中，生物炭或肥料刺激了包括革兰氏+，革兰氏和假单胞菌细菌在内的微生物功能群，而在小麦土壤中，生物炭显着增加了菌根。尽管添加生物炭会影响土壤特性，但这些理化特性并未对微生物群落测定产生重大影响。总之，在轮作过程中，农作物类型在塑造微生物群落结构（16S和ITS门）方面起着决定性作用，而不是添加生物炭或肥料。
更新日期：2020-01-27
中文翻译：
在旱地豆类-谷物的两个轮作周期中，农作物类型对土壤微生物群落和功能的影响要比生物炭或肥料强。
人们已经广泛研究了将生物炭添加到农田中的方法，但是这些研究大多数都强调了通过在短期至长期时间内种植单一类型的农作物而产生的影响。另外，有限的研究集中于在豆类-谷物作物轮作中添加生物炭方面的土壤微生物群落组成。在这项研究中，我们通过在两次mash麦和小麦轮作周期中添加生物炭（0、5和10 t ha-1）和肥料（氮肥，磷肥和钾钾肥）来检查土壤微生物群落结构。结果表明，在存在豆（Vigna mungo L.）但不存在小麦的情况下，添加生物炭通常会增加细菌（16S rRNA）基因的丰度。当土壤接受肥料时，细菌基因丰度对添加生物炭的反应较弱。小麦存在时，生物炭和肥料增加了真菌（ITS rRNA）的拷贝数，但在豆存在时，真菌的拷贝数却降低了。添加生物炭后，添加肥料还导致ITS基因的变化较小。仅在functional豆土壤中，生物炭或肥料刺激了包括革兰氏+，革兰氏和假单胞菌细菌在内的微生物功能群，而在小麦土壤中，生物炭显着增加了菌根。尽管添加生物炭会影响土壤特性，但这些理化特性并未对微生物群落测定产生重大影响。总之，在轮作过程中，农作物类型在塑造微生物群落结构（16S和ITS门）方面起着决定性作用，而不是添加生物炭或肥料。
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