DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly toxic lesions that can lead to chromosomal instability if they are not repaired correctly. DSBs are especially dangerous in mitosis when cells go through the complex process of equal chromosome segregation into daughter cells. When cells encounter DSBs in interphase, they are able to arrest the cell cycle until the breaks are repaired before entering mitosis. However, when DSBs occur during mitosis, cells no longer arrest but prioritize completion of cell division over repair of DNA damage. This review focuses on recent progress in our understanding of the mechanisms that allow mitotic cells to postpone DSB repair without accumulating massive chromosomal instability. Additionally, we review possible physiological consequences of failed DSB responses in mitosis.

中文翻译：

---

细胞如何应对有丝分裂中的 DNA 断裂。


DNA 双链断裂 (DSB) 是一种剧毒损伤，如果修复不正确，可能会导致染色体不稳定。当细胞经历染色体均等分离成子细胞的复杂过程时，DSB 在有丝分裂中尤其危险。当细胞在间期遇到 DSB 时，它们能够阻止细胞周期，直到断裂在进入有丝分裂之前得到修复。然而，当 DSB 在有丝分裂期间发生时，细胞不再停滞，而是优先完成细胞分裂而不是修复 DNA 损伤。这篇综述重点关注我们对有丝分裂细胞推迟 DSB 修复而不积累大量染色体不稳定性的机制的理解的最新进展。此外，我们回顾了有丝分裂中 DSB 反应失败可能产生的生理后果。