As with most aspects of electronic systems and integrated circuits, hardware security has traditionally evolved around the dominant CMOS technology. However, with the rise of various emerging technologies, whose main purpose is to overcome the fundamental limitations for scaling and power consumption of CMOS technology, unique opportunities arise also to advance the notion of hardware security. In this paper, I first provide an overview on hardware security in general. Next, I review selected emerging technologies, namely (i) spintronics, (ii) memristors, (iii) carbon nanotubes and related transistors, (iv) nanowires and related transistors, and (v) 3D and 2.5D integration. I then discuss their application to advance hardware security and also outline related challenges.

中文翻译：

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CMOS 技术及其以外的硬件安全：基本原理、应用和挑战概述

与电子系统和集成电路的大多数方面一样，硬件安全传统上是围绕占主导地位的 CMOS 技术发展而来的。然而，随着各种新兴技术的兴起，其主要目的是克服 CMOS 技术在缩放和功耗方面的基本限制，也出现了推进硬件安全概念的独特机会。在本文中，我首先概述了硬件安全性。接下来，我回顾了选定的新兴技术，即 (i) 自旋电子学，(ii) 忆阻器，(iii) 碳纳米管和相关晶体管，(iv) 纳米线和相关晶体管，以及 (v) 3D 和 2.5D 集成。然后，我将讨论它们在提高硬件安全性方面的应用，并概述相关挑战。