Water shortage is one of the most concerning global challenges in the 21st century. Solar-inspired vaporization employing photothermal nanomaterials is considered to be a feasible and green technology for addressing the water challenge by virtue of abundant and clean solar energy. 2D nanomaterials aroused considerable attention in photothermal evaporation-induced water production owing to their large absorption surface, strong absorption in broadband solar spectrum, and efficient photothermal conversion. Herein, the recent progress of 2D nanomaterials-based photothermal evaporation, mainly including emerging Xenes (phosphorene, antimonene, tellurene, and borophene) and binary-enes (MXenes and transition metal dichalcogenides), is reviewed. Then, the optimization strategies for higher evaporation performance are summarized in terms of modulation of the intrinsic photothermal performance of 2D nanomaterials and design of the complete evaporation system. Finally, the challenges and prospective of various kinds of 2D photothermal nanomaterials are discussed in terms of the photothermal performance, stability, environmental influence, and cost. One important principle is that solutions for water challenges should not introduce new environmental and social problems. This Review aims to highlight the role of 2D photothermal nanomaterials in solving water challenges and provides a viable scheme toward the practical use in photothermal materials selection, design, and evaporation systems building.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯之外的二维光热材料在清洁水生产中的兴起。

水资源短缺是21世纪最令人担忧的全球挑战之一。利用光热纳米材料的太阳能汽化被认为是一种可行的绿色技术，可以利用丰富而清洁的太阳能来解决水的挑战。二维纳米材料因其吸收面大、在宽带太阳光谱中吸收强以及高效的光热转换而在光热蒸发制水领域引起了广泛关注。本文综述了基于二维纳米材料的光热蒸发的最新进展，主要包括新兴的Xenes（磷烯、锑烯、碲烯和硼烯）和二元烯（MXenes和过渡金属二硫化物）。然后，从二维纳米材料本征光热性能的调节和完整蒸发系统的设计方面总结了更高蒸发性能的优化策略。最后，从光热性能、稳定性、环境影响和成本等方面讨论了各种二维光热纳米材料的挑战和前景。一项重要原则是，水资源挑战的解决方案不应带来新的环境和社会问题。本综述旨在强调二维光热纳米材料在解决水挑战中的作用，并为光热材料选择、设计和蒸发系统构建的实际应用提供可行的方案。