Organisms with annual life cycles are exposed to life stage specific thermal environments across seasons. Seasonal variation in thermal environments can vary across years and among sites. We investigated how organisms with annual life cycles respond to predictable seasonal changes in temperature and unpredictable thermal variation between habitats and years throughout their lives. Field surveys and historical records reveal that the spatially and temporally heterogeneous thermal environments inhabited by the annual mayfly Ephemerella maculata (Ephemerellidae) shift the date for transition to the next, life stage, so that the thermal phenotype of each life stage matches the thermal environment of the specific habitat and year. Laboratory studies of three distinct life stages of this mayfly reveal that life stage transitions are temperature dependent, facilitating timing shifts that are synchronized with the current season's temperatures. Each life stage exhibited specific thermal sensitivity and performance phenotypes that matched the ambient temperature typically experienced during that life stage. Our study across the whole life cycle reveals mechanisms that allow organisms to achieve lifetime eurythermy in a dynamic seasonal environment, despite having narrower thermal ranges for growth and development in each life stage.

中文翻译：

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通过一年生水生昆虫的发育阶段季节性匹配的热性能来进行终生eurythermy疗法。

具有年度生命周期的生物会在各个季节暴露于生命阶段特定的热环境。热环境的季节性变化可能会随年份和站点而变化。我们调查了具有年度生命周期的生物如何响应可预测的季节性温度变化以及生境和生命中不同年份之间不可预测的热变化。实地调查和历史记录表明，一年生的黄fly Ephemerella maculata（Ephemerellidae）栖息的时空异质热环境将过渡日期转移到下一生命阶段，因此每个生命阶段的热表型都与具体的栖息地和年份。对这只three的三个不同生命阶段的实验室研究表明，生命阶段的转变与温度有关，从而促进了与当前季节温度同步的时间变化。每个生命阶段都表现出特定的热敏性和性能表型，与该生命阶段通常经历的环境温度相匹配。我们对整个生命周期的研究揭示了使生物体在动态的季节性环境中实现终生脉管热的机制，尽管每个生命阶段的生长和发育的热范围都较窄。每个生命阶段都表现出特定的热敏性和性能表型，与该生命阶段通常经历的环境温度相匹配。我们对整个生命周期的研究揭示了使生物体在动态的季节性环境中实现终生脉管热的机制，尽管每个生命阶段的生长和发育的热范围都较窄。每个生命阶段都表现出特定的热敏性和性能表型，与该生命阶段通常经历的环境温度相匹配。我们对整个生命周期的研究揭示了使生物体在动态的季节性环境中实现终生脉管热的机制，尽管每个生命阶段的生长和发育的热范围都较窄。