Berberis vulgaris (B. vulgaris) and Rhus coriaria (R. coriaria) have been documented to have various pharmacologic activities. The current study assessed the in vitro as well as in vivo inhibitory efficacy of a methanolic extract of B. vulgaris (MEBV) and an acetone extract of R. coriaria (AERC) on six species of piroplasm parasites. The drug-exposure viability assay was tested on three different cell lines, namely mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3), Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells. Qualitative phytochemical estimation revealed that both extracts containing alkaloid, tannin, saponins and terpenoids and significant amounts of flavonoids and polyphenols. The GC-MS analysis of MEBV and AERC revealed the existence of 27 and 20 phytochemical compounds, respectively. MEBV and AERC restricted the multiplication of Babesia (B.) bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi, and Theileria (T.) equi at the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.84 ± 0.2, 0.81 ± 0.3, 4.1 ± 0.9, 0.35 ± 0.1 and 0.68 ± 0.1 µg/mL and 85.7 ± 3.1, 60 ± 8.5, 90 ± 3.7, 85.7 ± 2.1 and 78 ± 2.1 µg/mL, respectively. In the cytotoxicity assay, MEBV and AERC inhibited MDBK, NIH/3T3 and HFF cells with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of 695.7 ± 24.9, 931 ± 44.9, >1500 µg/mL and 737.7 ± 17.4, >1500 and >1500 µg/mL, respectively. The experiments in mice showed that MEBV and AERC prohibited B. microti multiplication at 150 mg/kg by 66.7% and 70%, respectively. These results indicate the prospects of these extracts as drug candidates for piroplasmosis treatment following additional studies in some clinical cases.

中文翻译：

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甲醇小檗和丙酮漆树提取物的植物化学筛选和抗原虫作用


小檗 (B. vulgaris) 和马桑 (R. coriaria) 已被证明具有多种药理活性。目前的研究评估了 B. vulgaris 的甲醇提取物 (MEBV) 和 R. coriaria 的丙酮提取物 (AERC) 对六种梨形虫寄生虫的体外和体内抑制功效。药物暴露活力测定在三种不同的细胞系上进行了测试，即小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞 (NIH/3T3)、Madin-Darby 牛肾 (MDBK) 和人包皮成纤维细胞 (HFF) 细胞。定性植物化学评估表明，两种提取物均含有生物碱、单宁、皂苷和萜类化合物以及大量的黄酮类和多酚。 MEBV 和AERC 的GC-MS 分析分别揭示了27 种和20 种植物化学化合物的存在。 MEBV 和 AERC 在半数抑制浓度 (IC50) 为 0.84 ± 0.2、0.81 ± 时限制牛巴贝虫 (B.)、B. bigemina、B. divergens、B. caballi 和 Theileria (T.) equal 的增殖分别为 0.3、4.1 ± 0.9、0.35 ± 0.1 和 0.68 ± 0.1 µg/mL 以及 85.7 ± 3.1、60 ± 8.5、90 ± 3.7、85.7 ± 2.1 和 78 ± 2.1 µg/mL。在细胞毒性测定中，MEBV 和 AERC 抑制 MDBK、NIH/3T3 和 HFF 细胞，半数最大有效浓度 (EC50) 为 695.7 ± 24.9、931 ± 44.9、>1500 µg/mL 和 737.7 ± 17.4、>1500 和 >1500分别为微克/毫升。小鼠实验表明，MEBV 和 AERC 在 150 mg/kg 浓度下分别抑制田鼠芽孢杆菌增殖 66.7% 和 70%。这些结果表明，经过一些临床病例的进一步研究，这些提取物作为梨形虫病治疗候选药物的前景。