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Temporal and bidirectional influences of estradiol on voluntary wheel running in adult female and male rats.
Hormones and Behavior ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104694
Amanda A Krentzel 1 , Stephanie Proaño 1 , Heather B Patisaul 2 , John Meitzen 3
Affiliation  

The sex steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (estradiol) regulates animal behavior as both a non-rapid hormone signal and as a rapid-acting neuromodulator. By practical necessity, estradiol's divergent temporal actions on rodent behavior are typically studied singularly and in one sex. We hypothesized that estradiol simultaneously acts through both temporal mechanisms to sex-specifically modulate a single behavior; and furthermore, that estradiol action in one temporal domain may regulate action in another. To test this hypothesis, we utilized one of the most robust rat behaviors exhibiting sex differences and estradiol-responsiveness, voluntary wheel running. Adult female and male rats were gonadectomized and exposed to daily repeated estradiol benzoate (EB) injections. Estradiol-sensitive running behavior was continually assessed in both the rapid and non-rapid temporal domains. We found that in female rats, estradiol rapidly decreased voluntary wheel running, but only after prior daily EB injections, supporting the hypothesis that non-rapid estradiol action influences rapid estradiol actions. Males exhibited a similar but less robust response, demonstrating sex-responsiveness. This rapid estradiol-induced decrease in running contrasted to non-rapid estradiol action which overall increased running in both sexes, revealing a bidirectional nature of estradiol's temporal influence. Non-rapid estradiol action also demonstrated sex-responsiveness, as a higher dose of EB was required to induce increased running in males compared to females. These findings indicate that estradiol rapidly, non-rapidly, and bidirectionally modulates wheel running in a sex-responsive manner, and that rapid estradiol action is modulated by non-rapid estradiol action. Overall, these data illustrate estradiol as a pleiotropic sex-responsive neuromodulator of a single behavior across temporal domains.

中文翻译:

雌二醇对成年雌性和雄性大鼠自发轮运行的时间和双向影响。

性类固醇激素17β-雌二醇(雌二醇)既作为一种非快速激素信号,又作为一种速效神经调节剂来调节动物的行为。根据实际需要,雌二醇对啮齿动物行为的不同时间作用通常是单性别地研究。我们假设雌二醇同时通过两种时间机制起作用,以性别特异性地调节单个行为。而且,在一个时域中的雌二醇作用可以调节在另一个时域中的作用。为了验证这一假设,我们利用了最强壮的大鼠行为之一,该行为表现出性别差异和雌二醇反应性,自愿进行轮转。将成年雌性和雄性大鼠进行性腺切除术,并每天重复注射苯甲酸雌二醇(EB)。在快速和非快速时域中都持续评估雌二醇敏感的跑步行为。我们发现在雌性大鼠中,雌二醇会迅速降低自愿性轮转运动,但仅在之前每天进行EB注射后,才支持非快速雌二醇作用影响快速雌二醇作用的假说。男性表现出相似但不那么强烈的反应,表明性别反应。这种快速的雌二醇诱导的跑步减少与非快速的雌二醇作用相反,后者在男女中总体上增加了跑步速度,这揭示了雌二醇时间影响的双向性。非快速的雌二醇作用也表现出性别反应性,因为与女性相比,男性需要更高剂量的EB来诱导跑步增加。这些发现表明,雌二醇迅速,迅速地 并以性别响应的方式双向调节车轮的运转,而快速的雌二醇作用是通过非快速的雌二醇作用来调节的。总体而言,这些数据说明雌二醇是跨时间域的单一行为的多效性性反应神经调节剂。
更新日期:2020-01-27
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