The microbiota has been shown to promote intestinal tumourigenesis, but a possible anti-tumourigenic effect has also been postulated. Here, we demonstrate that changes in the microbiota and mucus composition are concomitant with tumourigenesis. We identified two anti-tumourigenic strains of the microbiota—Faecalibaculum rodentium and its human homologue, Holdemanella biformis—that are strongly under-represented during tumourigenesis. Reconstitution of Apc^Min/+ or azoxymethane- and dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with an isolate of F. rodentium (F. PB1) or its metabolic products reduced tumour growth. Both F. PB1 and H. biformis produced short-chain fatty acids that contributed to control protein acetylation and tumour cell proliferation by inhibiting calcineurin and NFATc3 activation in mouse and human settings. We have thus identified endogenous anti-tumourigenic bacterial strains with strong diagnostic, therapeutic and translational potential.

微生物群已被证明可以促进肠道肿瘤发生，但也有人推测可能具有抗肿瘤发生作用。在这里，我们证明微生物群和粘液成分的变化与肿瘤发生相伴。我们鉴定了两种抗肿瘤微生物菌株——啮齿类动物Faecalibaculum及其人类同源物Holdemanella biformis——它们在肿瘤发生过程中的代表性严重不足。用啮齿类动物镰刀菌( F.PB1 ) 或其代谢产物的分离物对 Apc ^Min/+或氧化偶氮甲烷和硫酸葡聚糖钠处理的小鼠进行重建，可减少肿瘤生长。两个F . PB1 和H. biformis产生短链脂肪酸，通过抑制小鼠和人类环境中钙调神经磷酸酶和 NFATc3 的激活，有助于控制蛋白质乙酰化和肿瘤细胞增殖。因此，我们鉴定了具有强大诊断、治疗和转化潜力的内源性抗肿瘤细菌菌株。