Pesticide exposure is associated with cognitive and psychomotor disorders. Glyphosate-based herbicides (GlyBH) are among the most used agrochemicals, and inhalation of GlyBH sprays may arise from frequent aerial pulverizations. Previously, we described that intranasal (IN) administration of GlyBH in mice decreases locomotor activity, increases anxiety, and impairs recognition memory. Then, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in GlyBH neurotoxicity after IN administration. Adult male CF-1 mice were exposed to GlyBH IN administration (equivalent to 50 mg/kg/day of Gly acid, 3 days a week, during 4 weeks). Total thiol content and the activity of the enzymes catalase, acetylcholinesterase and transaminases were evaluated in different brain areas. In addition, markers of the cholinergic and the nigrostriatal pathways, as well as of astrocytes were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy in coronal brain sections. The brain areas chosen for analysis were those seen to be affected in our previous study. GlyBH IN administration impaired the redox balance of the brain and modified the activities of enzymes involved in cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways. Moreover, GlyBH treatment decreased the number of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum as well as the expression of the α7-acetylcholine receptor in the hippocampus. Also, the number of astrocytes increased in the anterior olfactory nucleus of the exposed mice. Taken together, these disturbances may contribute to the neurobehavioural impairments reported previously by us after IN GlyBH administration in mice.

中文翻译：

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鼻内施用基于草甘膦的除草剂会改变小鼠大脑中的氧化还原平衡和胆碱能系统。


接触农药与认知和精神运动障碍有关。草甘膦除草剂 (GlyBH) 是最常用的农用化学品之一，频繁的空中粉碎可能会导致吸入 GlyBH 喷雾剂。之前，我们描述了小鼠鼻内 (IN) 施用 GlyBH 会降低运动活性，增加焦虑，并损害识别记忆。然后，本研究的目的是调查 IN 给药后 GlyBH 神经毒性的机制。成年雄性 CF-1 小鼠接受 GlyBH IN 给药（相当于 50 mg/kg/天的甘氨酸，每周 3 天，持续 4 周）。评估不同脑区的总硫醇含量以及过氧化氢酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶和转氨酶的活性。此外，通过荧光显微镜对冠状脑切片中的胆碱能和黑质纹状体通路以及星形胶质细胞的标记进行了评估。选择进行分析的大脑区域是我们之前研究中发现受到影响的区域。 GlyBH IN 给药会损害大脑的氧化还原平衡，并改变参与胆碱能和谷氨酸途径的酶的活性。此外，GlyBH 治疗减少了内侧隔膜中胆碱能神经元的数量以及海马中 α7-乙酰胆碱受体的表达。此外，暴露小鼠前嗅核中的星形胶质细胞数量增加。总而言之，这些干扰可能会导致我们之前报道的小鼠服用 IN GlyBH 后出现神经行为损伤。