Though microalgal-bacterial consortium in photobioreactor (PBR) has been investigated to the anaerobically digested centrate (ADC) treatment, the impact and degradation of micropollutant sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in this system has never been reported. In this research, three microalgal-bacterial consortiums were parallel operated with suspended Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris), immobilized C. vulgaris and immobilized C. vulgaris-powdered activated carbon (PAC), namely PBR (SCV), PBR (ICV) and PBR (ICV+PAC), respectively. The impact of SMX on the ADC treatment performance, C. vulgaris growth and microbial community shifts were investigated. The performance of SMX removal and potential SMX degradation mechanism by the microalgal-bacterial consortium were explored. The results showed that SMX significantly inhibited PBR (SCV) with unsatisfactory C. vulgaris growth, ADC treatment and SMX removal. Comparatively, immobilized microalgae beads protected microalgae in PBR (ICV) and PBR (ICV+PAC) obtaining higher proportion of living C. vulgaris of 85.1% and 86.2%, respectively, comparing to that of 74.6% in PBR (SCV) (p < 0.05). Moreover, microalgae immobilization coupled with PAC adsorption mitigated toxicity of SMX and accelerated the formation of stable microalgal-bacterial consortium. Thus, PBR (ICV+PAC) obtained the maximum SMX removal (99.0 ± 0.2%) and the highest ADC treatment performance (COD, TN and TP removal of 72.12 ± 1.34 %, 98.47 ± 0.69 % and 98.49 ± 0.73 %, respectively). Bacterial diversity was dramatically reduced by SMX in the PBR (SCV), which was significantly mitigated by microalgae immobilization in PBR (ICV) and PBR (ICV+PAC). The enrichment of functional genera Pseudomonas, Brevundimonas and Hydrogenophaga were conducive to SMX degradation; while the dominant microalgae of specie of C. vulgaris was not perturbed by SMX. The pathways of SMX degradation involved oxazole ring fracture, mononitration effect, S-N bond and C-N bond broken. This research revealed the inhibition of SMX on PBR (SCV) and demonstrated the potential of PBR (ICV+PAC) on SMX degradation with simultaneous ADC treatment.

尽管已经对厌氧消化离心液（ADC）处理中的光生物反应器（PBR）中的微藻-细菌财团进行了研究，但从未报道过该系统中微污染物磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）的影响和降解。在这项研究中，三个微藻-细菌财团与悬浮小球藻（C. vulgaris），固定化的C.寻常型和固定化的C.寻常型粉状活性炭（PAC）平行运行，即PBR（SCV），PBR（ICV）和PBR（ICV + PAC）。SMX对ADC处理性能的影响，普通小球藻增长和微生物群落变化进行了调查。探索了微藻-细菌财团去除SMX的性能和潜在的SMX降解机理。结果表明，SMX显着抑制了PBR（SCV），而寻常葡萄球菌的生长，ADC处理和SMX去除均不令人满意。相比较而言，固定化微藻珠保护的PBR（ICV）和PBR（ICV + PAC）中的微藻获得的活梭状芽胞杆菌比例分别为85.1％和86.2％，而PBR（SCV）中为74.6％（p<0.05）。此外，微藻固定化与PAC吸附结合可减轻SMX的毒性并促进稳定的微藻-细菌联盟的形成。因此，PBR（ICV + PAC）获得了最大的SMX去除率（99.0±0.2％）和最高的ADC处理性能（COD，TN和TP去除率分别为72.12±1.34％，98.47±0.69％和98.49±0.73％） 。在PBR（SCV）中，SMX极大地降低了细菌多样性，而在PBR（ICV）和PBR（ICV + PAC）中，微藻固定化显着减轻了细菌多样性。功能属的富集假单胞菌，短波单胞和Hydrogenophaga是有利于SMX退化; 而普通角藻物种的优势微藻不受SMX的干扰。SMX降解的途径包括恶唑环断裂，单硝化作用，SN键和CN键断裂。这项研究揭示了SMX对PBR（SCV）的抑制作用，并证明了PBR（ICV + PAC）在同时ADC处理下对SMX降解的潜力。