While the environmental benefits of carbon taxes are well documented, their employment impacts are not. We simulate an escalating $25/tCO₂ tax on the U.S. electricity system and estimate the resulting employment effects using a computable general equilibrium model. Meta-modeling of the results reveals how carbon taxes influence costs, prices, fuel shares and jobs. Overall, we estimate that the carbon tax would increase U.S. employment – e.g., by 511,000 jobs in 2030. Regional heterogeneities are explained, in part, by the path dependency of electricity portfolios and by regional resource variations. The carbon tax would motivate significant CO₂ emission reductions, as well as utility bill increases that could on average be offset by carbon tax dividends. The possibility of inter-regional wealth transfers is highlighted, underscoring the importance of revenue recycling and other policy features that promote inclusive benefits.

尽管碳税的环境效益得到了充分证明，但对就业的影响却没有。我们模拟了美国电力系统不断上涨的$ 25 / tCO ₂税，并使用可计算的一般均衡模型估算了由此产生的就业效应。结果的元模型揭示了碳税如何影响成本，价格，燃料份额和工作机会。总体而言，我们估计碳税将增加美国的就业机会，例如，到2030年将增加511,000个工作岗位。区域异质性的部分原因是电力投资组合的路径依赖性以及区域资源差异。碳税将激发大量的CO ₂减排量以及公用事业费用的增加平均可以被碳税股息所抵消。强调了区域间财富转移的可能性，强调了收入循环利用和其他促进包容性利益的政策特征的重要性。