Nanocelluloses (NC) increase mechanical and barrier paper properties allowing the use of paper in applications actually covered by other materials. Despite the exponential increase of information, NC have not been fully implemented in papermaking yet, due to the challenges of using NC. This paper provides a review of the main new findings and emerging possibilities in this field by focusing mainly on: (i) Decoupling the effects of NC on wet-end and paper properties by using synergies with retention aids, chemical modification, or filler preflocculation; (ii) challenges and solutions related to the incorporation of NC in the pulp suspension and its effects on barrier properties; and (iii) characterization needs of NC at an industrial scale. The paper also includes the market perspectives. It is concluded that to solve these challenges specific solutions are required for each paper product and process, being the wet-end optimization the key to decouple NC effects on drainage and paper properties. Furthermore, the effect of NC on recyclability must also be taken into account to reach a compromise solution. This review helps readers find upscale options for using NC in papermaking and identify further research needs within this field.

中文翻译：

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纳米纤维素在造纸中的工业应用：挑战、技术解决方案和市场前景回顾

纳米纤维素 (NC) 提高了纸的机械和阻隔性能，允许在其他材料实际覆盖的应用中使用纸。尽管信息呈指数级增长，但由于使用 NC 的挑战，NC 尚未完全应用于造纸。本文主要关注以下方面，对这一领域的主要新发现和新兴可能性进行了回顾：(i) 通过使用与助留剂、化学改性或填料预絮凝的协同作用，将 NC 对湿部和纸张性能的影响解耦；(ii) 与在纸浆悬浮液中加入 NC 及其对阻隔性能的影响相关的挑战和解决方案；(iii) NC 在工业规模上的表征需求。该文件还包括市场观点。结论是，为了解决这些挑战，每种纸产品和工艺都需要特定的解决方案，湿部优化是解除 NC 对排水和纸张性能影响的关键。此外，还必须考虑 NC 对可回收性的影响，以达成折衷的解决方案。该评论可帮助读者找到在造纸中使用 NC 的高档选择，并确定该领域的进一步研究需求。