Rosellinia (Xylariaceae) is a large, cosmopolitan genus comprising over 130 species that have been defined based mainly on the morphology of their sexual morphs. The genus comprises both lignicolous and saprotrophic species that are frequently isolated as endophytes from healthy host plants, and important plant pathogens. In order to evaluate the utility of molecular phylogeny and secondary metabolite profiling to achieve a better basis for their classification, a set of strains was selected for a multi-locus phylogeny inferred from a combination of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear rDNA, beta-tubulin (TUB2) and the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RPB2). Concurrently, various strains were surveyed for production of secondary metabolites. Metabolite profiling relied on methods with high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD/MS) as well as preparative isolation of the major components after re-fermentation followed by structure elucidation using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Two new and nine known isopimarane diterpenoids were identified during our mycochemical studies of two selected Dematophora strains and the metabolites were tested for biological activity. In addition, the nematicidal cyclodepsipeptide PF1022 A was purified and identified from a culture of Rosellinia corticium, which is the first time that this endophyte-derived drug precursor has been identified unambiguously from an ascospore-derived isolate of a Rosellinia species. While the results of this first HPLC profiling were largely inconclusive regarding the utility of secondary metabolites as genus-specific chemotaxonomic markers, the phylogeny clearly showed that species featuring a dematophora-like asexual morph were included in a well-defined clade, for which the genus Dematophora is resurrected. Dematophora now comprises all previously known important plant pathogens in the genus such as D. arcuata, D. bunodes, D. necatrix and D. pepo, while Rosellinia s. str. comprises those species that are known to have a geniculosporium-like or nodulisporium-like asexual morph, or where the asexual morph remains unknown. The extensive morphological studies of L.E. Petrini served as a basis to transfer several further species from Rosellinia to Dematophora, based on the morphology of their asexual morphs. However, most species of Rosellinia and allies still need to be recollected in fresh state, cultured, and studied for their morphology and their phylogenetic affinities before the infrageneric relationships can be clarified.

Rosellinia ( Xylariaceae ) 是一个大型的世界性属，包括 130 多个物种，这些物种主要根据其有性形态的形态来定义。该属包括木质和腐生物种，它们经常作为内生菌从健康宿主植物中分离出来，以及重要的植物病原体。为了评估分子系统发育和次生代谢物分析的效用以获得更好的分类基础，选择了一组菌株用于从内部转录间隔区 (ITS) 序列的组合推断的多位点系统发育、核 rDNA 的大亚基 (LSU)、β-微管蛋白 ( TUB2 ) 和 RNA 聚合酶 II 的第二大亚基 ( RPB2)）。同时，对各种菌株的次生代谢产物进行了调查。代谢物分析依赖于高效液相色谱法与二极管阵列和质谱检测 (HPLC-DAD/MS) 以及在重新发酵后制备分离主要成分，然后使用核磁共振 (NMR) 光谱和高分辨率质谱（HR-MS）。在我们对两种选定的Dematophora菌株的真菌化学研究期间，鉴定了两种新的和九种已知的异海松二萜，并测试了代谢物的生物活性。此外，杀线虫环缩肽 PF1022 A 从Rosellinia corticium培养物中纯化和鉴定，这是第一次，这种内生真菌衍生的药物前体已经从的子囊孢子衍生的分离株明确识别Rosellinia物种。虽然第一次 HPLC 分析的结果对于次级代谢物作为属特异性化学分类标记的效用在很大程度上尚无定论，但系统发育清楚地表明，具有类似 dematophora 无性变体的物种包含在明确定义的进化枝中，对于该进化枝属Dematophora复活了。Dematophora现在包括该属中所有以前已知的重要植物病原体，例如D. arcuata、D. bunodes、D. necatrix和D. pepo，而蔷薇属 S. 海峡。包括那些已知具有类似膝孢子菌或类似节孢子菌的无性变体，或无性变体仍然未知的物种。LE Petrini 的广泛形态学研究作为基础，根据其无性形态的形态，将其他几个物种从Rosellinia转移到Dematophora。然而，大多数品种Rosellinia仍然需要新鲜的状态下回忆，培养，并研究了它们的形态及其系统发育分析亲和力的属下关系可以澄清之前和盟友。