Developing sustainable and clean electrochemical energy conversion technologies is a crucial step in addressing the challenges of energy shortage and environmental pollution. Exploring and developing new electrocatalysts with excellent performance and low cost will facilitate the commercial use of these energy conversion technologies. Recently, dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have attracted considerable research interest since they exhibit higher metal atom loading and more flexible active sites compared to single-atom catalysts (SACs). In this paper, the latest preparation methods and characterization techniques of DACs are systematically reviewed. The advantages of homonuclear and heteronuclear DACs and the catalytic mechanism and identification technologies between the two DACs are highlighted. The current applications of DACs in the field of electrocatalysis are summarized. The development opportunities and challenges of DACs in the future are prospected. The ultimate goal is to provide new ideas for the preparation of new catalysts with excellent properties by customizing diatomic catalysts for electrochemical applications.

中文翻译：

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负载型双原子催化剂：制备、表征和潜在应用

开发可持续和清洁的电化学能源转换技术是应对能源短缺和环境污染挑战的关键一步。探索和开发具有优异性能和低成本的新型电催化剂将促进这些能量转换技术的商业应用。最近，双原子催化剂（DAC）引起了相当大的研究兴趣，因为与单原子催化剂（SAC）相比，它们表现出更高的金属原子负载和更灵活的活性位点。本文系统地综述了DAC的最新制备方法和表征技术。突出了同核和异核DAC的优势以及两种DAC之间的催化机制和鉴定技术。总结了DACs目前在电催化领域的应用。展望未来DAC的发展机遇和挑战。最终目标是通过定制用于电化学应用的双原子催化剂，为制备具有优异性能的新型催化剂提供新思路。