Most animals maintain mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships with their intestinal microbiota. Resident microbes in the gastrointestinal tract breakdown indigestible food, provide essential nutrients, and, act as a barrier against invading microbes, such as the enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Over the last decades, our knowledge of V. cholerae pathogenesis, colonization, and transmission has increased tremendously. A number of animal models have been used to study how V. cholerae interacts with host-derived resources to support gastrointestinal colonization. Here, we review studies on host-microbe interactions and how infection with V. cholerae disrupts these interactions, with a focus on contributions from the Drosophila melanogaster model. We will discuss studies that highlight the connections between symbiont, host, and V. cholerae metabolism; crosstalk between V. cholerae and host microbes; and the impact of the host immune system on the lethality of V. cholerae infection. These studies suggest that V. cholerae modulates host immune-metabolic responses in the fly and improves Vibrio fitness through competition with intestinal microbes.

中文翻译：

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宿主-微生物-病原体相互作用：果蝇霍乱弧菌发病机制的回顾。

大多数动物与其肠道微生物群保持互利的共生关系。胃肠道中的常驻微生物分解难以消化的食物，提供必需的营养，并充当入侵微生物（例如肠道病原体霍乱弧菌）的屏障。在过去的几十年里，我们对霍乱弧菌发病机制、定植和传播的了解有了极大的增加。许多动物模型已被用来研究霍乱弧菌如何与宿主来源的资源相互作用以支持胃肠道定植。在这里，我们回顾了关于宿主-微生物相互作用以及霍乱弧菌感染如何破坏这些相互作用的研究，重点关注果蝇模型的贡献。我们将讨论强调共生体、宿主和霍乱弧菌代谢之间联系的研究；霍乱弧菌和宿主微生物之间的串扰；以及宿主免疫系统对霍乱弧菌感染致死率的影响。这些研究表明，霍乱弧菌可以调节果蝇宿主的免疫代谢反应，并通过与肠道微生物的竞争来改善弧菌的健康状况。