In recent years, viruses similar to those that cause serious disease in humans and other mammals have been detected in apparently healthy bats. These include filoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses that cause severe diseases such as Ebola virus disease, Marburg haemorrhagic fever and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans. The evolution of flight in bats seem to have selected for a unique set of antiviral immune responses that control virus propagation, while limiting self-damaging inflammatory responses. Here, we summarize our current understanding of antiviral immune responses in bats and discuss their ability to co-exist with emerging viruses that cause serious disease in other mammals. We highlight how this knowledge may help us to predict viral spillovers into new hosts and discuss future directions for the field.

中文翻译：

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蝙蝠免疫系统的新颖见解。

近年来，在看起来健康的蝙蝠中发现了与导致人类和其他哺乳动物严重疾病的病毒相似的病毒。这些病毒包括会引起人类严重疾病（例如埃博拉病毒病，马尔堡出血热和严重急性呼吸道综合症（SARS））的丝状病毒，副粘病毒和冠状病毒。蝙蝠飞行的进化似乎已经选择了一套独特的抗病毒免疫反应，以控制病毒的传播，同时限制了自我伤害性炎症反应。在这里，我们总结了我们目前对蝙蝠抗病毒免疫反应的理解，并讨论了它们与引起其他哺乳动物严重疾病的新兴病毒共存的能力。我们重点介绍了这些知识如何帮助我们预测病毒向新宿主的溢出，并讨论该领域的未来发展方向。