This study was performed to assess the ability of the food genotoxicant 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) to induce DNA damage and oxidative injuries in the liver of mice as a possible mechanism of toxic action and to evaluate the role of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in inhibiting these injuries. For this purpose, 80 mice were assigned into four equal groups of 20 mice each. Group 1 was kept as control and group 2 was given 5-HMF (250 mg/kg bw) by intraperitoneal (IP) injection 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. Group 3 received EVOO (300 μl/kg bw) orally daily for 4 weeks. Group 4 was co-treated with both 5-HMF (250 mg/kg bw) with IP injection and EVOO (300 μl/kg bw) orally 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. IP injection of 5-HMF resulted in a significant decrease in albumin, globulin, and total protein contents and significant increases in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Administration of EVOO alone or with 5-HMF reduced the 5-HMF-induced alterations and restored the liver function biomarkers, antioxidant defense system, and histoarchitecture of the liver to normal values. EVOO also inhibited the genotoxic and apoptotic effects of 5-HMF suggesting that EVOO could provide liver protection through its powerful antioxidant and confirm its good nutriceutical and pharmacological properties.

中文翻译：

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特级初榨橄榄油可增强肝脏抗氧化防御能力，并抑制5-羟甲基糠醛在小鼠体内引起的细胞遗传毒性作用。

进行这项研究的目的是评估食物遗传毒性物质5-羟甲基糠醛（5-HMF）诱导小鼠肝脏DNA损伤和氧化损伤作为毒性作用的可能机制的能力，并评估特级初榨橄榄油的作用（ EVOO）来抑制这些伤害。为此目的，将80只小鼠分为四个相等的组，每组20只。第1组作为对照组，第2组每周3次腹膜内（IP）注射5-HMF（250 mg / kg bw），持续4周。第3组每天口服EVOO（300μl/ kg bw），持续4周。将第4组与IP注射的5-HMF（250 mg / kg bw）和EVOO（300μl/ kg bw）共同口服治疗，每周3次，共4周。IP注射5-HMF导致白蛋白，球蛋白和总蛋白含量显着下降，丙氨酸转氨酶显着增加，天冬氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性。单独或与5-HMF一起使用EVOO可减少5-HMF引起的改变，并将肝功能生物标志物，抗氧化防御系统和肝脏的组织结构恢复至正常值。EVOO还抑制了5-HMF的遗传毒性和凋亡作用，表明EVOO可以通过其强大的抗氧化剂提供肝脏保护作用，并证实其良好的营养和药理特性。