In this work, we design a small-sized bi-cone acoustic vector-sensor array (BCAVSA) and propose a frequency invariant beamforming method for the BCAVSA, inspired by the Ormia ochracea's coupling ears and harmonic nesting. First, we design a BCAVSA using several sets of cylindrical acoustic vector-sensor arrays (AVSAs), which are used as a guide to construct the constant beamwidth beamformer. Due to the mechanical coupling system of the Ormia ochracea's two ears, the phase and amplitude differences of acoustic signals at the bilateral tympanal membranes are magnified. To obtain a virtual BCAVSA with larger interelement distances, we then extend the coupling magnified system into the BCAVSA by deriving the expression of the coupling magnified matrix for the BCAVSA and providing the selecting method of coupled parameters for fitting the underwater signal frequency. Finally, the frequency invariant beamforming method is developed to acquire the constant beamwidth pattern in the three-dimensional plane by deriving several sets of the frequency weighted coefficients for the different cylindrical AVSAs. Simulation results show that this method achieves a narrower mainlobe width compared to the original BCAVSA. This method has lower sidelobes and a narrower mainlobe width compared to the coupling magnified bi-cone pressure sensor array.

中文翻译：

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小型双锥声矢量传感器阵列的频率不变波束形成。

在这项工作中，我们设计了一个小尺寸的双锥声矢量传感器阵列（BCAVSA），并提出了一种受Ormia ochracea耦合耳和谐波嵌套启发的BCAVSA频率不变波束成形方法。首先，我们使用几套圆柱声矢量传感器阵列（AVSA）设计BCAVSA，这些阵列用作构建恒定波束宽度波束形成器的指南。由于Ormia ochracea的两只耳朵的机械耦合系统，双耳鼓膜处的声音信号的相位和幅度差异被放大了。要获得具有较大元素间距的虚拟BCAVSA，然后，我们通过导出BCAVSA的耦合放大矩阵的表达式，并提供适合水下信号频率的耦合参数选择方法，将耦合放大系统扩展到BCAVSA中。最后，通过推导针对不同圆柱面AVSA的几组频率加权系数，开发了频率不变波束形成方法，以在三维平面中获得恒定的波束宽度模式。仿真结果表明，与原始BCAVSA相比，该方法可实现更窄的主瓣宽度。与耦合放大的双锥压力传感器阵列相比，此方法的旁瓣较低，主瓣宽度较窄。通过推导针对不同圆柱面AVSA的几组频率加权系数，发展了频率不变波束形成方法以在三维平面上获得恒定的波束宽度图案。仿真结果表明，与原始BCAVSA相比，该方法可实现更窄的主瓣宽度。与耦合放大的双锥压力传感器阵列相比，此方法的旁瓣较低，主瓣宽度较窄。通过推导针对不同圆柱面AVSA的几组频率加权系数，发展了频率不变波束形成方法以在三维平面上获得恒定的波束宽度图案。仿真结果表明，与原始BCAVSA相比，该方法可实现更窄的主瓣宽度。与耦合放大的双锥压力传感器阵列相比，此方法的旁瓣较低，主瓣宽度较窄。