Abstract Given the global impact of the water crisis, capacitive deionization (CDI) has attracted significant research interest as a promising water treatment technology. Recently, Multi-Channel Membrane CDI (MC-MCDI) has successfully been utilized to enhance the ion removal capacity by separating the electrode channels (side channels) from the feed stream (feed channel) to optimize the system's environment for the electrodes to perform desalination. However, one obstacle to MC-MCDI is the relatively complicated cell structure required to stack multiple units-cells. As such, the implementation of this process is limited to industrial applications. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to investigate an alternative approach and its associated parameters to expand the desalination capacity of MC-MCDI system by integrating porous carbon electrode stacks at the side channels. The MC-MCDI system with 4 pairs of carbon electrode stacks removed ~5.4 mg of NaCl and maintained the energy consumption (24 kT) and the charge efficiency close to unity. This result represents a threefold increase in the amount of ions removed, compared to a system with a single pair of carbon electrodes (~1.8 mg of NaCl). Moreover, by conducting several operation parameter studies, the MC-MCDI system with 4 pairs of porous carbon electrode stacks could be optimized at a high concentration of the supporting electrolyte (~500 mM NaCl), a faster flow rate of the feed channels, and a thinner feed channel thickness (3 mm) with high stability. In this respect, our study could advance new opportunities for the development of MC-MCDI in real-life CDI applications.

中文翻译：

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多孔碳电极堆多通道膜电容去离子性能分析

摘要 考虑到水危机的全球影响，电容去离子（CDI）作为一种有前途的水处理技术引起了人们极大的研究兴趣。最近，多通道膜 CDI (MC-MCDI) 已成功地用于通过将电极通道（侧通道）与进料流（进料通道）分开来优化系统环境，从而提高离子去除能力，从而使电极进行脱盐. 然而，MC-MCDI 的一个障碍是堆叠多个单元电池所需的相对复杂的电池结构。因此，该过程的实施仅限于工业应用。所以，本研究的目的是研究一种替代方法及其相关参数，通过在侧通道集成多孔碳电极堆来扩大 MC-MCDI 系统的脱盐能力。具有 4 对碳电极堆叠的 MC-MCDI 系统去除了约 5.4 mg NaCl 并保持了能耗 (24 kT) 和接近统一的充电效率。与具有单对碳电极（约 1.8 mg NaCl）的系统相比，该结果表明去除的离子量增加了三倍。此外，通过进行多项操作参数研究，可以在高浓度支持电解质（~500 mM NaCl）、更快的进料通道流速下优化具有 4 对多孔碳电极堆的 MC-MCDI 系统，更薄的进料通道厚度 (3 mm)，稳定性高。在这方面，我们的研究可以为在现实生活中的 CDI 应用中开发 MC-MCDI 提供新的机会。