AIM The impact of the anti-inflammatory potential of diet on risk of heart failure (HF) and the potential modification of this association by smoking, a trigger of systemic inflammation, has not been previously investigated. We examined the association between anti-inflammatory potential of diet and risk of HF taking into account smoking status. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population included the Cohort of Swedish Men (40 514 men) and the Swedish Mammography Cohort (34 809 women), age 45-83 years, without HF, ischaemic heart disease, or cancer at baseline. Anti-inflammatory potential of diet was estimated using an anti-inflammatory diet index (AIDI; 0-16 scores). Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for HF risk factors. Over a mean follow-up of 14.9 years (1 119 110 person-years, 1998-2014), 8161 new HF diagnoses (4443 in men, 3718 in women) were identified. Compared to the lowest quintile of the AIDI (scores ≤4), the HRs for men and women in the highest quintile (scores ≥8) were 0.92 (95% CI 0.84-1.02; P-trend = 0.02) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.78-0.96; P-trend = 0.001), respectively. An inverse association between the AIDI and HF incidence was observed in current and ex-smokers but not in never-smokers (P-interaction = 0.046). Comparing extreme quintiles, the HRs were 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-1.00; P-trend = 0.007) in current smokers, 0.81 (95% CI 0.71-0.92; P-trend = 0.001) in ex-smokers, and 0.95 (95% CI 0.86-1.06; P-trend = 0.10) in never-smokers. CONCLUSION These results suggest that adherence to a diet with high anti-inflammatory potential may be associated with lower HF incidence in current and ex-smokers.

中文翻译：

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抗炎饮食和心力衰竭风险：两项前瞻性队列研究。

目的饮食的抗炎潜能对心力衰竭（HF）的影响以及吸烟是全身性炎症的触发因素，可能会改变这种关联，此前尚未进行过研究。考虑到吸烟状况，我们检查了饮食的抗炎潜力与HF风险之间的关系。方法和结果研究人群包括瑞典男性队列（40514名男性）和瑞典乳房X线照相术队列（34809名女性），年龄45-83岁，基线时无心衰，缺血性心脏病或癌症。使用抗炎饮食指数（AIDI； 0-16分）评估饮食的抗炎潜力。使用Cox比例风险回归模型估算风险比（HRs），并针对HF风险因素调整95％的置信区间（CIs）。平均随访14次。在9年中（1 119 110人年，1998-2014），确定了8161例新的HF诊断（男性为4444，女性为3718）。与AIDI最低的五分位数（得分≤4）相比，最高五分位数（得分≥8）的男女HRs为0.92（95％CI 0.84-1.02; P趋势= 0.02）和0.86（95％ CI 0.78-0.96； P趋势= 0.001）。在现吸烟者和前吸烟者中观察到AIDI与HF发生率呈负相关，而从不吸烟者中则未观察到（P相互作用= 0.046）。比较极端五分位数，当前吸烟者的HR为0.86（95％CI 0.74-1.00; P趋势= 0.007），前吸烟者为0.81（95％CI 0.71-0.92; P趋势= 0.001），而0.95（95在永不吸烟者中，百分比CI为0.86-1.06； P趋势= 0.10）。