Amino acids in cancer.,Experimental & Molecular Medicine

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Amino acids in cancer.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine ( IF 9.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-24 , DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0375-3
Elizabeth L Lieu ₁ , Tu Nguyen ₁ , Shawn Rhyne ₁ , Jiyeon Kim ₁

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Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg's seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics of cancer1. The field of cancer metabolism subsequently revealed additional metabolic alterations in cancer by focusing on central carbon metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Recent reports have, however, uncovered substantial non-carbon metabolism contributions to cancer cell viability and growth. Amino acids, nutrients vital to the survival of all cell types, experience reprogrammed metabolism in cancer. This review outlines the diverse roles of amino acids within the tumor and in the tumor microenvironment. Beyond their role in biosynthesis, they serve as energy sources and help maintain redox balance. In addition, amino acid derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation and immune responses linked to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in discussing the transporters and transaminases that mediate amino acid uptake and synthesis, we identify potential metabolic liabilities as targets for therapeutic intervention.

中文翻译：

癌症中的氨基酸。

90 多年前，Otto Warburg 对有氧糖酵解的开创性发现将代谢重编程确立为癌症的第一个显着特征之一。癌症代谢领域随后通过关注中心碳代谢（包括柠檬酸循环和磷酸戊糖途径）揭示了癌症的其他代谢改变。然而，最近的报告发现了大量非碳代谢对癌细胞活力和生长的贡献。氨基酸是对所有细胞类型的生存至关重要的营养物质，在癌症中经历了重新编程的代谢。这篇综述概述了氨基酸在肿瘤和肿瘤微环境中的不同作用。除了在生物合成中的作用外，它们还充当能源并帮助维持氧化还原平衡。此外，氨基酸衍生物有助于与肿瘤发生和转移相关的表观遗传调节和免疫反应。此外，在讨论介导氨基酸摄取和合成的转运蛋白和转氨酶时，我们将潜在的代谢障碍确定为治疗干预的目标。

更新日期：2020-01-24

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