Magnetic skyrmions are topologically stabilized nanoscale spin structures that could be of use in the development of future spintronic devices. When a skyrmion is driven by an electric current it propagates at an angle relative to the flow of current—known as the skyrmion Hall angle (SkHA)—that is a function of the drive current. This drive dependence, as well as thermal effects due to Joule heating, could be used to tailor skyrmion trajectories, but are not well understood. Here we report a study of skyrmion dynamics as a function of temperature and drive amplitude. We find that the skyrmion velocity depends strongly on temperature, while the SkHA does not and instead evolves differently in the low- and high-drive regimes. In particular, the maximum skyrmion velocity in ferromagnetic devices is limited by a mechanism based on skyrmion surface tension and deformation (where the skyrmion transitions into a stripe). Our mechanism provides a complete description of the SkHA in ferromagnetic multilayers across the full range of drive strengths, illustrating that skyrmion trajectories can be engineered for device applications.

磁天文离子是拓扑稳定的纳米级自旋结构，可以在未来的自旋电子器件的开发中使用。当Skyrmion由电流驱动时，它以相对于电流流动的角度（称为Skyrmion霍尔角（SkHA））传播，该角度是驱动电流的函数。这种驱动依赖性以及焦耳加热产生的热效应可用于定制天蝎子的轨迹，但并没有得到很好的理解。在这里，我们报告了一项有关作为温度和驱动振幅函数的天窗离子动力学的研究。我们发现，Skyrmion速度很大程度上取决于温度，而SkHA并没有，反而在低速和高速行驶状态下会有所不同。特别是，铁磁设备中的最大Skyrmion速度受基于Skyrmion表面张力和变形（其中Skyrmion转变为条纹）的机制限制。我们的机制对整个驱动强度范围内的铁磁多层膜中的SkHA进行了完整描述，说明可以为设备应用设计天sky子的轨迹。