Risk and resilience in brain health and disease can be influenced by a variety of factors. While there is a growing appreciation to consider sex as one of these factors, far less attention has been paid to sex-specific variables that may differentially impact females such as pregnancy and reproductive history. In this review, we focus on nervous system disorders which show a female bias and for which there is data from basic research and clinical studies pointing to modification in disease risk and progression during pregnancy, postpartum and/or as a result of parity: multiple sclerosis (MS), depression, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In doing so, we join others (Shors, 2016; Galea et al., 2018) in aiming to illustrate the importance of looking beyond sex in neuroscience research.

中文翻译：

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怀孕、产后和产后：大脑健康和疾病的弹性和脆弱性

大脑健康和疾病的风险和恢复力会受到多种因素的影响。虽然越来越多的人认为性别是这些因素之一，但对可能对女性产生不同影响的性别特定变量（例如怀孕和生育史）的关注却少得多。在这篇综述中，我们关注显示出女性偏见的神经系统疾病，基础研究和临床研究的数据表明在怀孕期间、产后和/或产后和/或产后导致疾病风险和进展的改变：多发性硬化症(MS)、抑郁症、中风和阿尔茨海默病 (AD)。为此，我们与其他人（Shors，2016 年；Galea 等人，2018 年）一起旨在说明在神经科学研究中超越性别的重要性。