BACKGROUND Very few studies have examined the association between long-term outdoor air pollution and rhinitis severity in adults. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the cross-sectional association between individual long-term exposure to air pollution and severity of rhinitis. METHODS Participants with rhinitis from 2 multicenter European cohorts (Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment on Asthma and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey) were included. Annual exposure to NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and PMcoarse (calculated by subtracting PM2.5 from PM10) was estimated using land-use regression models derived from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects project, at the participants' residential address. The score of rhinitis severity (range, 0-12), based on intensity of disturbance due to symptoms reported by questionnaire, was categorized into low (reference), mild, moderate, and high severity. Polytomous logistic regression models with a random intercept for city were used. RESULTS A total of 1408 adults with rhinitis (mean age, 52 years; 46% men, 81% from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey) were included. The median (1st quartile-3rd quartile) score of rhinitis severity was 4 (2-6). Higher exposure to PM10 was associated with higher rhinitis severity (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] for a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10: for mild: 1.20 [0.88-1.64], moderate: 1.53 [1.07-2.19], and high severity: 1.72 [1.23-2.41]). Similar results were found for PM2.5. Higher exposure to NO2 was associated with an increased severity of rhinitis, with similar adjusted odds ratios whatever the level of severity. Adjusted odds ratios were higher among participants without allergic sensitization than among those with, but interaction was found only for NO2. CONCLUSIONS: People with rhinitis who live in areas with higher levels of pollution are more likely to report more severe nasal symptoms. Further work is required to elucidate the mechanisms of this association.

中文翻译：

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在两个欧洲队列中，长期接触空气污染与鼻炎的严重程度增加相关。

背景技术很少有研究检查长期室外空气污染与成人鼻炎严重程度之间的关系。目的我们试图评估个体长期暴露于空气污染与鼻炎严重程度之间的横断面关联。方法包括2个欧洲多中心人群的鼻炎患者（哮喘遗传学和环境的流行病学研究以及欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查）。使用来自欧洲空气污染影响研究项目的土地利用回归模型，在参与者的住所地址估算了NO2，PM10，PM2.5和PMcoarse的年暴露量（通过从PM10中减去PM2.5计算）。 。鼻炎严重程度评分（范围：0-12），根据调查表报告的症状引起的干扰强度，将其分为低（参考），轻度，中度和高严重性。使用城市随机拦截的多态逻辑回归模型。结果纳入了总共1408例成人鼻炎（平均年龄52岁；男性46％，欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查得出的81％）。鼻炎严重程度的中位数（第1个四分位数至第3个四分位数）得分为4（2-6）。较高的PM10暴露水平与较高的鼻炎严重程度相关（PM10升高10μg/ m3时，调整后的优势比[95％CI]：轻度：1.20 [0.88-1.64]，中度：1.53 [1.07-2.19]和高严重性：1.72 [1.23-2.41]）。对于PM2.5，发现了类似的结果。较高的NO2暴露水平与鼻炎严重程度增加有关，无论严重程度如何，其调整后的优势比都相似。没有过敏致敏的受试者的校正比值比更高，但只有二氧化氮存在相互作用。结论：生活在污染水平较高的地区的鼻炎患者更有可能报告更严重的鼻部症状。需要进一步的工作来阐明这种关联的机制。