Similar to other types of neuronal degeneration, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the aggregation of a pathological protein, α-synuclein. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal site of protein synthesis, quality control and degradation. Genetic mutants, environmental insults and other factors disturb ER balance and induce the accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins, which initiate ER stress and disturb normal cell function. ER stress perturbs Ca2+ homeostasis and initiates the activation of autophagy and inflammasomes, which have been identified as risk factors for the development of PD. However, the mechanisms by which ER stress contributes to the processed of PD pathogenesis and development remain unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge of ER stress and highlights the principal role of ER stress in PD pathogenesis which may help reveal novel sight to illustrate the pathomechanism of PD.

中文翻译：

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内质网应激，帕金森病发展的重要因素

与其他类型的神经元变性相似，帕金森病 (PD) 的特征是病理蛋白 α-突触核蛋白的聚集。内质网 (ER) 是蛋白质合成、质量控制和降解的主要场所。遗传突变、环境损害和其他因素会扰乱内质网平衡并诱导错误折叠/未折叠蛋白质的积累，从而引发内质网应激并干扰正常细胞功能。内质网应激扰乱 Ca2+ 稳态并启动自噬和炎症小体的激活，这已被确定为 PD 发展的危险因素。然而，内质网应激促进PD发病和发展的机制尚不清楚。