Water Affects Morphogenesis of Growing Aquatic Plant Leaves.,Physical Review Letters

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Water Affects Morphogenesis of Growing Aquatic Plant Leaves.
Physical Review Letters ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-24 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.038003
Fan Xu ₁ , Chenbo Fu ₁ , Yifan Yang ₁

Affiliation

Lotus leaves floating on water usually experience short-wavelength edge wrinkling that decays toward the center, while the leaves growing above water normally morph into a global bending cone shape with long rippled waves near the edge. Observations suggest that the underlying water (liquid substrate) significantly affects the morphogenesis of leaves. To understand the biophysical mechanism under such phenomena, we develop mathematical models that can effectively account for inhomogeneous differential growth of floating and freestanding leaves to quantitatively predict formation and evolution of their morphology. We find, both theoretically and experimentally, that the short-wavelength buckled configuration is energetically favorable for growing membranes lying on liquid, while the global buckling shape is more preferable for suspended ones. Other influencing factors such as the stem or vein, heterogeneity, and dimension are also investigated. Our results provide a fundamental insight into a variety of plant morphogenesis affected by water foundation and suggest that such surface instabilities can be harnessed for morphology control of biomimetic deployable structures using substrate or edge actuation.

中文翻译：

水影响生长的水生植物叶片的形态发生。

漂浮在水面上的荷叶通常会经历短波长的边缘皱纹，并向中心衰减，而生长在水面上的叶子通常会变成整体弯曲的圆锥形，边缘附近会有长波纹。观察结果表明，潜在的水（液体基质）会显着影响叶片的形态发生。为了了解这种现象下的生物物理机制，我们开发了数学模型，可以有效地解释浮动叶和独立叶的不均匀差异生长，从而定量预测其形态的形成和演化。我们在理论和实验上都发现，短波长的弯曲结构在能量上有利于生长躺在液体上的膜，而整体的弯曲形状则更适合于悬浮的膜。还研究了其他影响因素，例如茎或静脉，异质性和尺寸。我们的结果为受水基础影响的多种植物形态发生提供了基本的见识，并表明可以利用底物或边缘驱动来利用这种表面不稳定性来控制仿生可展开结构的形态。

更新日期：2020-01-24

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