Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide and is a model organism among cereal crops. Abiotic and biotic stresses are often present simultaneously and severely influence maize production, causing great yield losses worldwide. Therefore, the selection and cultivation of stress‐tolerant maize lines that adapt to various stresses is instrumental in addressing the problem of yield losses caused by stress. The maize mesocotyl is the crucial organ that pushes shoots out of deep water or soil after seed germination. It has a simple anatomy and exhibits rapid growth in the dark. In this article, we reviewed the studies on the elongation of the maize mesocotyl and the actions of phytohormones, especially under deep‐sowing conditions, and emphasized the role of the maize mesocotyl in response to environmental stress and deep‐sowing tolerance. We propose that the maize mesocotyl can serve as a selection organ for evaluating stress tolerance at the early seedling stage. We also identify future research fields that need further investigation in studies of the maize mesocotyl.

中文翻译：

---

玉米中胚轴：对胁迫和深播耐受性的响应

玉米（玉米）是世界上最重要的农作物之一，是谷物农作物中的典范生物。非生物和生物胁迫通常同时存在，并严重影响玉米产量，在世界范围内造成巨大的产量损失。因此，选择和培育能适应各种胁迫的耐胁迫玉米品系有助于解决由胁迫引起的产量损失问题。玉米中胚轴是种子发芽后将嫩芽从深水或土壤中推出的关键器官。它的解剖结构简单，在黑暗中表现出快速的生长。在本文中，我们回顾了关于玉米中胚轴伸长和植物激素作用的研究，尤其是在深播条件下，并强调了玉米中胚轴在应对环境胁迫和深播耐受性方面的作用。我们建议玉米中胚轴可以作为选择器官，以评估幼苗早期的胁迫耐性。我们还确定了在玉米中胚轴研究中需要进一步研究的未来研究领域。