Process modeling plays a central role in the development of today’s process-aware information systems both on the management level (e.g., providing input for requirements elicitation and fostering communication) and on the enactment level (providing a blue-print for process execution and enabling simulation). The literature comprises a variety of process modeling approaches proposing different modeling languages (i.e., imperative and declarative languages) and different types of process artifact support (i.e., process models, textual process descriptions, and guided simulations). However, the use of an individual modeling language or a single type of process artifact is usually not enough to provide a clear and concise understanding of the process. To overcome this limitation, a set of so-called “hybrid” approaches combining languages and artifacts have been proposed, but no common grounds have been set to define and categorize them. This work aims at providing a fundamental understanding of these hybrid approaches by defining a unified terminology, providing a conceptual framework and proposing an overarching overview to identify and analyze them. Since no common terminology has been used in the literature, we combined existing concepts and ontologies to define a “Hybrid Business Process Representation” (HBPR). Afterwards, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify and investigate the characteristics of HBPRs combining imperative and declarative languages or artifacts. The SLR resulted in 30 articles which were analyzed. The results indicate the presence of two distinct research lines and show common motivations driving the emergence of HBPRs, a limited maturity of existing approaches, and diverse application domains. Moreover, the results are synthesized into a taxonomy classifying different types of representations. Finally, the outcome of the study is used to provide a research agenda delineating the directions for future work.

过程模型在管理级别（例如，为需求激发提供输入和促进沟通）和制定级别（为过程执行提供蓝图并实现仿真）的过程感知信息系统的开发中起着核心作用）。文献包括各种过程建模方法，这些方法提出了不同的建模语言（即命令式和声明性语言）和不同类型的过程工件支持（即过程模型，文本过程描述和指导的模拟）。但是，使用单独的建模语言或单一类型的过程工件通常不足以提供对过程的清晰简洁的理解。为了克服此限制，已经提出了一套将语言和工件结合在一起的所谓的“混合”方法，但是尚未定义和定义它们的共同依据。这项工作旨在通过定义统一的术语，提供概念框架并提出总体概述来识别和分析这些术语，从而提供对这些混合方法的基本理解。由于文献中没有使用通用术语，因此我们结合了现有的概念和本体来定义“混合业务流程表示”（HBPR）。之后，我们进行了系统文献综述（SLR），以识别和调查结合命令性和声明性语言或人工制品的HBPR的特征。SLR导致分析了30篇文章。结果表明存在两个截然不同的研究领域，并显示出驱动HBPR出现的共同动机，现有方法的有限成熟性以及不同的应用领域。此外，将结果综合到分类法中，对不同类型的表示进行分类。最后，研究结果用于提供研究议程，描述未来工作的方向。