What is social pressure, and how could it be adaptive to conform to others' expectations? Existing accounts highlight the importance of reputation and social sanctions. Yet, conformist behavior is multiply determined: sometimes, a person desires social regard, but at other times she feels obligated to behave a certain way, regardless of any reputational benefit-i.e. she feels a sense of should. We develop a formal model of this sense of should, beginning from a minimal set of biological premises: that the brain is predictive, that prediction error has a metabolic cost, and that metabolic costs are prospectively avoided. It follows that unpredictable environments impose metabolic costs, and in social environments these costs can be reduced by conforming to others' expectations. We elaborate on a sense of should's benefits and subjective experience, its likely developmental trajectory, and its relation to embodied mental inference. From this individualistic metabolic strategy, the emergent dynamics unify social phenomenon ranging from status quo biases, to communication and motivated cognition. We offer new solutions to long-studied problems (e.g. altruistic behavior), and show how compliance with arbitrary social practices is compelled without explicit sanctions. Social pressure may provide a foundation in individuals on which societies can be built.

中文翻译：

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应该的感觉：一个基于生物学的社会压力建模框架。

什么是社会压力，它如何适应他人的期望？现有账户强调声誉和社会制裁的重要性。然而，墨守成规的行为是多重决定的：有时，一个人渴望得到社会尊重，但有时她觉得有义务以某种方式行事，而不考虑任何名誉利益——即她觉得应该有一种感觉。我们从一组最小的生物学前提开始开发了这种应该感的正式模型：大脑是预测性的，预测错误具有代谢成本，并且代谢成本是可以避免的。因此，不可预测的环境会产生新陈代谢成本，而在社会环境中，这些成本可以通过符合他人的期望来降低。我们详细阐述了“应该”的感觉 的好处和主观经验，它可能的发展轨迹，以及它与具体心理推理的关系。从这种个人主义的新陈代谢策略中，涌现的动力统一了从现状偏见到交流和动机认知的社会现象。我们为长期研究的问题（例如利他行为）提供新的解决方案，并展示如何在没有明确制裁的情况下强制遵守任意社会实践。社会压力可以为个人提供社会可以建立的基础。我们为长期研究的问题（例如利他行为）提供新的解决方案，并展示如何在没有明确制裁的情况下强制遵守任意社会实践。社会压力可以为个人提供社会可以建立的基础。我们为长期研究的问题（例如利他行为）提供新的解决方案，并展示如何在没有明确制裁的情况下强制遵守任意社会实践。社会压力可以为个人提供社会可以建立的基础。