MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression during cellular processes. The host-encoded miRNAs are known to modulate the antiviral defense during viral infection. In the last decade, multiple DNA and RNA viruses have been shown to produce miRNAs known as viral miRNAs (v-miRNAs) so as to evade the host immune response. In this review, we highlight the origin and biogenesis of viral miRNAs during the viral lifecycle. We also explore the role of viral miRNAs in immune evasion and hence in maintaining chronic infection and disease. Finally, we offer insights into the underexplored role of viral miRNAs as potential targets for developing therapeutics for treating complex viral diseases.

中文翻译：

---

感染期间病毒衍生的miRNA与宿主免疫力之间的相互作用。

MicroRNA是短的非编码RNA，在细胞过程中对基因表达的调控中起着至关重要的作用。已知宿主编码的miRNA可在病毒感染期间调节抗病毒防御。在过去的十年中，已显示出多种DNA和RNA病毒可产生称为病毒miRNA（v-miRNA）的miRNA，从而逃避宿主的免疫反应。在这篇综述中，我们着重介绍了病毒miRNA在病毒生命周期中的起源和生物发生。我们还探讨了病毒miRNA在逃避免疫从而维持慢性感染和疾病中的作用。最后，我们提供了关于病毒miRNA作为开发复杂病毒性疾病治疗剂的潜在靶标的未充分发挥作用的见解。