Non-viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been proposed as antigen delivery platforms called bacterium-like particles (BLPs). Most studies have been performed with Lactococcus lactis-derived BLPs where multiple antigens were attached to the peptidoglycan surface and used to successfully induce specific immune responses. It is well-established that the immunomodulatory properties of LAB are strain dependent and therefore, the BLPs derived from each individual strain could have different adjuvant capacities. In this work, we obtained BLPs from immunomodulatory (immunobiotics) and non-immunomodulatory Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum strains and comparatively evaluated their ability to improve the intestinal and systemic immune responses elicited by an attenuated rotavirus vaccine. Results demonstrated that orally administered BLPs from non-immunomodulatory strains did not induce significant changes in the immune response triggered by rotavirus vaccine in mice. On the contrary, BLPs derived from immunobiotic lactobacilli were able to improve the levels of anti-rotavirus intestinal IgA and serum IgG, the numbers of CD24+B220+ B and CD4+ T cells in Peyer's patches and spleen as well as the production of IFN-γ by immune cells. Interestingly, among immunobiotics-derived BLPs, those obtained from L. rhamnosus CRL1505 and L. rhamnosus IBL027 enhanced more efficiently the intestinal and systemic humoral immune responses when compared to BLPs from other immunobiotic bacteria. The findings of this work indicate that it is necessary to perform an appropriate selection of BLPs in order to find those with the most efficient adjuvant properties. We propose the term Immunobiotic-like particles (IBLPs) for the BLPs derived from CRL1505 and IBL027 strains that are an excellent alternative for the development of mucosal vaccines.

中文翻译：

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从免疫细菌性乳酸杆菌获得的细菌样颗粒的免疫调节特性：用作粘膜佐剂的前景。

已经提出了非活的乳酸菌（LAB）作为称为细菌样颗粒（BLP）的抗原递送平台。大多数研究都是用乳酸乳球菌来源的BLP进行的，其中多种抗原附着在肽聚糖表面，并成功地诱导特异性免疫反应。众所周知，LAB的免疫调节特性取决于菌株，因此，源自每个单独菌株的BLP可能具有不同的佐剂能力。在这项工作中，我们从免疫调节性（免疫抗生素）和非免疫调节性鼠李糖乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌中获得了BLP，并比较评估了它们改善减毒轮状病毒疫苗引起的肠道和全身免疫应答的能力。结果表明，口服非免疫调节菌株的BLP不会在小鼠中诱导由轮状病毒疫苗触发的免疫应答的显着变化。相反，来源于免疫性乳杆菌的BLP能够提高抗轮状病毒肠IgA和血清IgG的水平，改善派尔氏淋巴结和脾脏中CD24 + B220 + B和CD4 + T细胞的数量以及产生IFN-γ通过免疫细胞。有趣的是，在源自免疫抗生素的BLP中，与鼠李糖乳杆菌CRL1505和鼠李糖乳杆菌IBL027相比，与来自其他免疫细菌的BLP相比，它们能更有效地增强肠道和全身的体液免疫应答。这项工作的发现表明，有必要对BLP进行适当的选择，以找到具有最有效佐剂特性的BLP。我们为衍生自CRL1505和IBL027菌株的BLP提出了术语免疫原样颗粒（IBLP），这是开发粘膜疫苗的绝佳替代方法。