Yersinia enterocolitica, a zoonotic foodborne pathogen, is able to withstand low temperatures. This psychrotrophic ability allows it to multiply in food stored in refrigerators. However, little is known about the Y. enterocolitica cold response. In this study, isolate-specific behavior at 4°C was demonstrated and the cold response was investigated by examining changes in phenotype, gene expression, and the proteome. Altered expression of cold-responsive genes showed that the ability to survive at low temperature depends on the capacity to acclimate and adapt to cold stress. This cold acclimation at the transcriptional level involves the transient induction and effective repression of cold-shock protein (Csp) genes. Moreover, the resumption of expression of genes encoding other non-Csp is essential during prolonged adaptation. Based on proteomic analyses, the predominant functional categories of cold-responsive proteins are associated with protein synthesis, cell membrane structure, and cell motility. In addition, changes in membrane fluidity and motility were shown to be important in the cold response of Y. enterocolitica. Isolate-specific differences in the transcription of membrane fluidity- and motility-related genes provided evidence to classify strains within a spectrum of cold response. The combination of different approaches has permitted the systematic description of the Y. enterocolitica cold response and gives a better understanding of the physiological processes underlying this phenomenon.

中文翻译：

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分离小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在转录、蛋白质组和膜生理变化中的特异性寒冷反应。

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌是一种人畜共患的食源性病原体，能够承受低温。这种耐冷能力使其能够在冰箱中储存的食物中繁殖。然而，人们对小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的冷反应知之甚少。在这项研究中，展示了 4°C 下分离株的特异性行为，并通过检查表型、基因表达和蛋白质组的变化来研究冷反应。冷反应基因表达的改变表明，在低温下生存的能力取决于适应冷应激的能力。这种转录水平的冷适应涉及冷休克蛋白（Csp）基因的瞬时诱导和有效抑制。此外，在长期适应过程中，编码其他非 Csp 的基因的恢复表达至关重要。根据蛋白质组学分析，冷反应蛋白的主要功能类别与蛋白质合成、细胞膜结构和细胞运动相关。此外，膜流动性和运动性的变化在小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的冷反应中也很重要。膜流动性和运动性相关基因转录的分离特异性差异为在冷反应范围内对菌株进行分类提供了证据。不同方法的结合使得能够系统地描述小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的冷反应，并更好地理解这种现象背后的生理过程。