Soil-borne pest diseases result in large annual agricultural losses globally. Fungal bio-control agents are an alternative means of controlling pest diseases; however, soil fungistasis limits the effect of fungal agents. Nutrients can relieve soil fungistasis, but the mechanisms behind this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we determined and quantified the transcriptomes of Arthrobotrys oligospora, a nematode-trapping fungus, derived from samples of fresh conidia, germinated conidia, soil fungistatic conidia, and glucose-relieved conidia. The transcriptomes of fungistatic and glucose-relieved conidia were significantly different from those of the other two conidia samples. KEGG pathway analyses showed that those genes upregulated in fungistatic and glucose-relieved conidia were mainly involved in translation and substance metabolism, and the downregulated genes were mainly involved in MAPK pathway, autophagy, mitophagy, and endocytosis. As being different from the transcriptome of fungistatic conidia, upregulated genes in the transcriptome of glucose-relieved conidia are also related to replication and repair, spliceosome, oxidative phosphorylation, autophagy, and degradation pathway (lysosome, proteasome, and RNA degradation). And the upregulated genes resulted from comparison of glucose-relieved conidia and fungistatic conidia were enriched in metabolic pathways, cycle, DNA replication, and repair. The differentially splicing events in the transcriptome of glucose-relieved conidia are far more than that of other two transcriptomes, and genes regulated by differentially splicing were analyzed through KEGG pathway analysis. Furthermore, autophagy genes were proved to play important role in resisting soil fungistasis and glucose-mediated soil fungistasis relief. These data indicate that, in addition to being a carbon and energy source for conidia germination, glucose may also help to relieve soil fungistasis by activating many cellular processes, including autophagy, DNA replication and repair, RNA alternative splicing, and degradation pathways.

中文翻译：

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比较转录组学揭示了寡糖节肢动物中葡萄糖介导的土壤真菌病缓解的特征和可能的机制。

土传病虫害每年在全球造成巨大的农业损失。真菌生物防治剂是控制病虫害的另一种方法；然而，土壤真菌病限制了真菌作用。营养物质可以缓解土壤真菌病，但对这一过程背后的机制仍知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们确定并定量了节线虫捕获的线虫真菌寡糖节肢动物的转录组，其来自新鲜分生孢子，发芽分生孢子，土壤抑菌分生孢子和葡萄糖消除的分生孢子。抑菌和葡萄糖消除分生孢子的转录组与其他两个分生孢子样品的显着不同。KEGG通路分析表明，在抑真菌和葡萄糖消除分生孢子中上调的那些基因主要参与翻译和物质代谢，下调的基因主要参与MAPK途径，自噬，线粒体吞噬和胞吞作用。与真菌抑制分生孢子的转录组不同，葡萄糖消除分生孢子的转录组中上调的基因也与复制和修复，剪接体，氧化磷酸化，自噬和降解途径（溶酶体，蛋白酶体和RNA降解）有关。通过比较葡萄糖释放分生孢子和抑真菌分生孢子产生的上调基因在代谢途径，循环，DNA复制和修复中富集。葡萄糖消除分生孢子的转录组中的差异剪接事件远大于其他两个转录组，并且通过KEGG途径分析分析了差异剪接调节的基因。此外，自噬基因被证明在抵抗土壤真菌和葡萄糖介导的土壤真菌缓解中起重要作用。这些数据表明，葡萄糖不仅是分生孢子萌发的碳和能源，还可以通过激活许多细胞过程（包括自噬，DNA复制和修复，RNA选择性剪接和降解途径）来缓解土壤真菌病。