Knowledge about the interior and exterior camera orientation parameters is required to establish the relationship between 2D image content and 3D object data. Camera calibration is used to determine the interior orientation parameters, which are valid as long as the camera remains stable. However, information about the temporal stability of low-cost cameras due to the physical impact of temperature changes, such as those in smartphones, is still missing. This study investigates on the one hand the influence of heat dissipating smartphone components at the geometric integrity of implemented cameras and on the other hand the impact of ambient temperature changes at the geometry of uncoupled low-cost cameras considering a Raspberry Pi camera module that is exposed to controlled thermal radiation changes. If these impacts are neglected, transferring image measurements into object space will lead to wrong measurements due to high correlations between temperature and camera's geometric stability. Monte-Carlo simulation is used to simulate temperature-related variations of the interior orientation parameters to assess the extent of potential errors in the 3D data ranging from a few millimetres up to five centimetres on a target in X- and Y- direction. The target is positioned at a distance of 10 m to the camera and the Z-axis is aligned with camera's depth direction.

中文翻译：

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评估温度变化对智能手机和Raspberry Pi相机的几何稳定性的影响。

建立2D图像内容和3D对象数据之间的关系需要有关内部和外部摄像机方向参数的知识。摄像机校准用于确定内部方向参数，只要摄像机保持稳定，这些参数就有效。但是，由于温度变化（例如智能手机中的温度变化）的物理影响，有关低成本相机的时间稳定性的信息仍然缺失。这项研究一方面调查智能手机散热部件对所实现相机的几何完整性的影响，另一方面研究考虑暴露的Raspberry Pi相机模块的环境温度变化对非耦合低成本相机几何形状的影响来控制热辐射的变化。如果忽略了这些影响，由于温度和相机的几何稳定性之间的高度相关性，将图像测量值传输到对象空间将导致错误的测量值。蒙特卡洛模拟用于模拟内部定向参数的温度相关变化，以评估3D数据在X方向和Y方向上从几毫米到五厘米不等的潜在误差的程度。目标与相机的距离为10 m，Z轴与相机的深度方向对齐。蒙特卡洛模拟用于模拟内部定向参数的温度相关变化，以评估3D数据在X方向和Y方向上从几毫米到五厘米不等的潜在误差的程度。目标与相机的距离为10 m，Z轴与相机的深度方向对齐。蒙特卡洛模拟用于模拟内部定向参数的温度相关变化，以评估3D数据在X方向和Y方向上从几毫米到五厘米不等的潜在误差的程度。目标与相机的距离为10 m，Z轴与相机的深度方向对齐。