Abstract

In recent decades, the release of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants has been recognized as a challenging environmental issue. This study focuses on the adsorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by pectin (Pec)-based bio-adsorbent. Pec was extracted from orange peel-waste biomass (OPB) by a microwave-assisted extraction method. Further, different concentrations of Pec from OPB (Pec-OPB); 0.5, 1, 2 and 4g were super-magnetized with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (denoted as Fe₃O₄@Pec-OPB(0.5g), Fe₃O₄@Pec-OPB(1g), Fe₃O₄@Pec-OPB(2g) and Fe₃O₄@Pec-OPB(4g), respectively). Among these synthesized bio-adsorbents, Fe₃O₄@Pec-OPB(1g) gave significant SMX adsorption and hence studied further in detail. Surface-morphology, structure, functional-groups, magnetic-property, and elemental-composition of facile of Fe₃O₄@Pec-OPB(1g) was characterized by standard analytical techniques. Different parameters for SMX adsorption on Fe₃O₄@Pec-OPB(1g) were investigated, such as optimal pH (4.0), kinetics (best-fitted pseudo-second-order kinetic model) and isotherm models (best-fitted Redlich-Peterson model). The maximum adsorption capacity (q_m) of Fe₃O₄@Pec-OPB(1g) was 120 mg g⁻¹ of SMX. Thermodynamic analysis corroborated the endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Therefore, the nano-bio-adsorbent Fe₃O₄@Pec-OPB(1g) exhibits excellent potential for capturing the SMX from water, suggesting that Fe₃O₄@Pec-OPB(1g) could be a viable option for adsorptive reclamation of hazardous cationic pollutants from water.

Graphic abstract

摘要

在最近的几十年中，新出现的药物污染物的释放被认为是具有挑战性的环境问题。这项研究的重点是基于果胶（PEC）的生物吸附剂对磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）的吸附。通过微波辅助提取法从橘皮废物生物质（OPB）中提取Pec。此外，来自OPB的Pec浓度不同（Pec -OPB）；用Fe ₃ O ₄纳米颗粒（表示为Fe ₃ O ₄ @ Pec -OPB（0.5 g），Fe ₃ O ₄ @ Pec）将0.5、1、2和4 g超磁化。-OPB（1 g），Fe ₃ O ₄ @ Pec -OPB（2 g）和Fe ₃ O ₄ @ Pec -OPB（4 g）。在这些合成的生物吸附剂中，Fe ₃ O ₄ @ Pec -OPB（1 g）具有明显的SMX吸附能力，因此需要进一步详细研究。Fe ₃ O ₄ @ Pec -OPB（1 g）的表面形态，结构，官能团，磁性和元素组成）采用标准分析技术进行了表征。研究了SMX在Fe ₃ O ₄ @ Pec -OPB（1 g）上吸附的不同参数，例如最佳pH（4.0），动力学（最适合的伪二级动力学模型）和等温线模型（最适合的Redlich）。 -Peterson模型）。Fe ₃ O ₄ @ Pec -OPB（1 g）的最大吸附容量（q _m）为120 mg g ^-1 SMX。热力学分析证实了吸附过程的吸热性质。因此，纳米生物吸附剂Fe ₃ O ₄ @ Pec -OPB（1g）具有从水中捕获SMX的巨大潜力，表明Fe ₃ O ₄ @ Pec -OPB（1 g）可能是从水中吸附回收有害阳离子污染物的可行选择。

图形摘要