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Transplantation Outcomes for Children with Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) Have Improved over Time: A 36-Year Summary Report By the Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC)
Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation ( IF 5.609 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.12.083
Monica S. Thakar , Brent Logan , Rebecca H. Buckley , Elie Haddad , Christopher C. Dvorak , Richard J. O'Reilly , Neena Kapoor , Lisa Forbes Satter , Caridad Martinez , Sung-Yun Pai , Jennifer Heimall , Soma Jyonouchi , Kathleen E. Sullivan , Sharat Chandra , Angela R. Smith , Sonali Chaudhury , Blachy Davila Saldana , Gauri Sunkersett , David C. Shyr , Lauri M. Burroughs , Aleksandra Petrovic , Troy C. Quigg , Shalini Shenoy , Jeffrey J. Bednarski , Kenneth DeSantes , Geoff D.E. Cuvelier , Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan , Alfred P. Gillio , Alan P. Knutsen , Hesham Eissa , Frederick Goldman , Theodore B. Moore , Victor Aquino , Evan Shereck , Mark Vander Lugt , Emi H. Caywood , Lolie C. Yu , Jacob Rozmus , Julie-An M. Talano , Harry L. Malech , Ami J. Shah , Rolla Abu-Arja , Holly K. Miller , Tara Bani-Hashemi , Catherine K. Chang , Elizabeth Dunn , Troy Torgerson , Michael A. Pulsipher , Linda M. Griffith , Morton J. Cowan , Donald B. Kohn , Jennifer Puck , Luigi D. Notarangelo

Background

With >36 years of data collected, PIDTC prospective (6901) and retrospective (6902) natural history studies provide an unprecedented opportunity to study hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes for SCID over time.

Methods

Patients in this 6901/6902 analysis met PIDTC diagnostic criteria for SCID and underwent HCT. Categorial variables were analyzed between decades (a) 1982-89 (b) 1990-99 (c) 2000-09 (d) 2010-18 using the chi-square test. Continuous outcomes were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Kaplan-Meier method was used for estimates of overall survival (OS).

Results

896 children with typical (n=742) and atypical (n=154) SCID requiring HCT between 1982-2018 were enrolled. Diagnosis of SCID for reasons other than family history or newborn screening was common (60%) in early cohorts (a-c) dropping to 30% in cohort (d). Distribution of SCID genotypes changed over time (Fig 1), and novel/unknown genotypes also decreased from (a) 53% to (d) 13%, p<0.001. Due to the rise of gene therapy, there were fewer patients with adenosine deaminase deficient SCID receiving HCT in cohort (d) compared to prior decades. Median age at HCT has decreased, from 193 to 112 days of life, p<0.001. While marrow was the most common stem cell source in the 1980’s (95%), currently peripheral blood stem cells and cord blood are given to 46% of patients (p<0.001). The increased use of unrelated donors parallels a decrease in mismatched related donors (Fig 2a; p<0.001). In univariate analysis, use of conditioning has increased from 12% in the 1980’s to 65% currently (Fig 2b, p<0.001); contributing factors that will be evaluated in upcoming multivariate analyses include genotype, typical vs atypical SCID, and donor type. Day +100 cumulative incidence of grades 3-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has dropped, from 9.6% to 5.9% (p=0.02). OS has markedly improved in the last decade (Fig 3a), with 1- and 5-year OS being 90 and 87%, respectively (p=0.02). In particular, gains have been made in OS when using alternative donors (p=0.02) (Fig 3c,d) while OS for matched sibling HCT remains high (Fig 3b).

Conclusion

This longitudinal data set, spanning the implementation of NBS and advancements in diagnostics and supportive care, highlights improved OS after HCT for SCID, including alternative donors. Exploration of decreased toxicity approaches that maintain high OS and engraftment are warranted.



中文翻译:

随着时间的推移,患有重症合并免疫缺陷症(SCID)的儿童的移植结果有所改善:主要免疫缺陷治疗协会(PIDTC)的36年总结报告

背景

PIDTC前瞻性研究(6901)和回顾性研究(6902)自然史研究收集了超过36年的数据,为研究SCID随着时间的造血细胞移植(HCT)结果提供了前所未有的机会。

方法

这项6901/6902分析中的患者符合SCID的PIDTC诊断标准,并接受了HCT。使用卡方检验分析了数十年间(a)1982-89(b)1990-99(c)2000-09(d)2010-18之间的分类变量。使用Kruskal-Wallis检验比较连续结果。Kaplan-Meier方法用于估计总生存期(OS)。

结果

入选了1982年至2018年之间需要HCT的896名典型(n = 742)和非典型(n = 154)SCID儿童。由于家族史或新生儿筛查以外的原因,SCID的诊断在早期队列(ac)中很常见(60%),而在队列(d)中降至30%。SCID基因型的分布随时间变化(图1),新的/未知的基因型也从(a)53%降至(d)13%,p <0.001。由于基因治疗的兴起,队列(d)中接受HCT的腺苷脱氨酶缺陷型SCID的患者比以前几十年更少。HCT的中位年龄从193天减少到112天,p <0.001。尽管在1980年代,骨髓是最常见的干细胞来源(95%),但目前有46%的患者使用了外周血干细胞和脐带血(p <0.001)。不相关供体的使用增加与不匹配的相关供体的减少平行(图2a; p <0.001)。在单变量分析中,条件的使用已从1980年代的12%增加到目前的65%(图2b,p <0.001);在即将进行的多变量分析中将评估的影响因素包括基因型,典型与非典型SCID以及供体类型。3-4级急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的第+100天累积发生率从9.6%下降至5.9%(p = 0.02)。在过去十年中,OS显着改善(图3a),1年和5年OS分别为90%和87%(p = 0.02)。特别是,当使用替代供体时,在OS方面取得了收益(p = 0.02)(图3c,d),而用于同级同级HCT的OS仍然很高(图3b)。使用空调的比例从1980年代的12%增加到目前的65%(图2b,p <0.001);在即将进行的多变量分析中将评估的影响因素包括基因型,典型与非典型SCID以及供体类型。3-4级急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的第+100天累积发生率从9.6%下降至5.9%(p = 0.02)。在过去十年中,OS显着改善(图3a),1年和5年OS分别为90%和87%(p = 0.02)。特别是,当使用替代供体时(p = 0.02)(图3c,d),在OS中获得了收益,而与之匹配的同级HCT的OS仍然很高(图3b)。使用空调的比例从1980年代的12%增加到目前的65%(图2b,p <0.001);在即将进行的多变量分析中将评估的影响因素包括基因型,典型与非典型SCID以及供体类型。3-4级急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的第100天累积发病率从9.6%下降至5.9%(p = 0.02)。在过去十年中,OS显着改善(图3a),1年和5年OS分别为90%和87%(p = 0.02)。特别是,当使用替代供体时,在OS方面取得了收益(p = 0.02)(图3c,d),而用于同级同级HCT的OS仍然很高(图3b)。3-4级急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的第+100天累积发生率从9.6%下降至5.9%(p = 0.02)。在过去十年中,OS显着改善(图3a),1年和5年OS分别为90%和87%(p = 0.02)。特别是,当使用替代供体时,在OS方面取得了收益(p = 0.02)(图3c,d),而用于同级同级HCT的OS仍然很高(图3b)。3-4级急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的第+100天累积发生率从9.6%下降至5.9%(p = 0.02)。在过去十年中,OS显着改善(图3a),1年和5年OS分别为90%和87%(p = 0.02)。特别是,当使用替代供体时,在OS方面取得了收益(p = 0.02)(图3c,d),而用于同级同级HCT的OS仍然很高(图3b)。

结论

该纵向数据集涵盖了国家统计局的实施以及诊断和支持治疗方面的进展,强调了HID后SCID(包括其他捐赠者)的OS改善。有必要探索降低毒性的方法以维持较高的OS和植入率。

更新日期:2020-01-23
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