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Addition of Tocilizumab to Cyclosporine-a/ Mycophenolate Mofetil (CSA/ MMF) Graft-Vs-Host Disease (GVHD) Prophylaxis Significantly Abrogates Pre-Engraftment Syndrome (PES) & Severe Acute Gvhd after Adult Double Unit Cord Blood Transplantation (dCBT)
Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation ( IF 5.609 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.12.100
Ioannis Politikos , Molly A. Maloy , Sean M. Devlin , Kristine Naputo , Valkal Bhatt , Kelcey Skinner , Christina Cho , Parastoo B. Dahi , Sergio A. Giralt , Boglarka Gyurkocza , Alan M. Hanash , Ann A. Jakubowski , Esperanza B. Papadopoulos , Miguel Perales , Jonathan U. Peled , Craig S. Sauter , Michael Scordo , Gunjan L. Shah , Roni Tamari , Doris M. Ponce , Juliet N. Barker

Background

Anti-thymocyte globulin-free dCBT is associated with high rates of acute GVHD (aGVHD) especially involving the GI tract. Investigation of augmented aGVHD prophylaxis is indicated.

Methods

We are investigating the addition of a single dose of tocilizumab 8 mg/kg (day -1) to CSA/ MMF (starting day -3) aGVHD prophylaxis in adult patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies undergoing dCBT with intermediate intensity Cy 50/ Flu 150/ Thio 10/ TBI 400 conditioning (NCT03434730). Outcomes of the first 26 patients (with survivor follow-up of at least 100 days) were analyzed & compared to 54 dCBT historic controls transplanted with identical conditioning & only CSA/ MMF. All patients received letermovir if CMV seropositive.

Results

26 pts [median age 47 years (range 26-60), median weight 82 kg (range 59-125), 11 AML, 8 ALL, 2 MPAL, 3 MDS/ CML, 2 NHL, median age-adjusted HCT-CI 2.5 (range 0-6)] received dCB grafts with a median CD34+ cell dose of 1.5 × 105/kg/unit (range 0.23-5.94) & median unit-recipient 8-allele HLA-match of 5/8 (range 3-6). One patient had graft failure in the setting of low graft viability/ disseminated adenovirus & a second pt had early transplant-related mortality (TRM) with incomplete count recovery. The remaining 24 patients engrafted at a median of 24 days (range 18-40) for a cumulative incidence of 92% (95%CI:67-98). 88% (95%CI:59-97) of pts engrafted platelets at a median of 43 days (range 32-78). Of evaluable pts, 68% & 83% had 100% single-unit donor chimerism in the blood at days 30 & 100, respectively; single-unit dominance was observed in the remaining cases. Six of 26 pts (23%) developed pre-engraftment syndrome (PES) at a median of 12.5 days, & only 3 of these (12%) required systemic corticosteroids. Additionally, 16 pts (62%) had no neutropenic fever prior to engraftment. The day 100 cumulative incidence of grade II-III & grade III aGVHD was 62% (95%CI:39-78) & 4% (95%CI:<1-17), respectively (Figure). While 16 pts developed upper GI aGVHD, 6 had stage 0+ (stool volume < 500 cc) lower GI aGVHD & the incidence of more severe lower GI involvement was very low [stage 1 (n = 2), stage 3 (n = 1) & no stage 4]. With a median survivor follow-up of 314 days, 1-year overall survival (OS) is 77% (95%:61-98). Five of 26 patients have died to date (1 graft failure, 2 organ failure, 2 infection) with no GVHD-associated TRM. Comparison with historic controls (Table) showed tocilizumab-based dCBT is associated with similar engraftment, reduced PES, reduced severe aGVHD & similar OS to CSA/ MMF alone dCBT.

Conclusions

Tocilizumab-based dCBT appears safe with reduced PES & grade III-IV aGVHD. While many pts developed upper GI aGVHD, the marked reduction in lower GI aGVHD supports preferential reduction of T-cell homing to the lower gut. Investigation of this approach including aGVHD treatment responses, immune recovery & correlative biomarker/ microbiota studies are ongoing.



中文翻译:

成人双单位脐带血移植(dCBT)后,环孢菌素a /霉酚酸酯(CSA / MMF)移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防中显着废除了移植前综合征(PES)和严重急性Gvhd。

背景

不含抗胸腺细胞球蛋白的dCBT与急性GVHD(aGVHD)的发生率高有关,尤其是涉及胃肠道。指出了对增强aGVHD预防的研究。

方法

我们正在研究对接受dCBT中等强度Cy 50 / Flu治疗的血液系统恶性肿瘤的成年患者(pts)在CSA / MMF(第-3天开始)中向CSA / MMF中添加单剂量的tocilizumab 8 mg / kg(第-1天) 150 / Thio 10 / TBI 400调节(NCT03434730)。分析并比较了前26名患者(幸存者至少随访100天)的结果,并将其与54 dCBT历史对照进行了相同条件和仅CSA / MMF的移植。如果CMV血清阳性,所有患者均接受来曲莫韦治疗。

结果

26分[中位年龄47岁(范围26-60),中位体重82公斤(范围59-125),11 AML,8 ALL,2 MPAL,3 MDS / CML,2 NHL,年龄校正后的HCT-CI 2.5 (范围0-6)]接受的dCB移植物的CD34 +细胞中位剂量为1.5×10 5/ kg /单位(范围0.23-5.94)和中位数的单位接收者8等位基因HLA匹配为5/8(范围3-6)。一名患者在低存活力/弥漫性腺病毒的情况下发生了移植失败,另一名患者的早期移植相关死亡率(TRM)和计数恢复不完全。其余24例患者在中位24天(范围18-40)接受移植,累积发生率为92%(95%CI:67-98)。88%(95%CI:59-97)的pts植入血小板的中位数为43天(范围32-78)。在可评估的患者中,分别在第30天和第100天,血液中68%和83%的患者血液中有100%的单单位供体嵌合。在其余情况下,观察到单单位优势。26名患者中有6名(23%)发生了植入前综合征(PES),中位时间为12.5天,而其中只有3名(12%)需要全身性糖皮质激素。另外,移植前,有16分(62%)没有中性粒细胞减少。II-III级和III级aGVHD在第100天的累积发生率分别为62%(95%CI:39-78)和4%(95%CI:<1-17)(图)。虽然有16名患者出现了较高的GI aGVHD,但有6个患者的0+期(凳子容积<500 cc)有较低的GI aGVHD,更严重的较低的GI发生率很低[第1阶段(n = 2),第3阶段(n = 1 )&no stage 4]。幸存者中位随访时间为314天,一年总体生存率(OS)为77%(95%:61-98)。迄今为止,在26例患者中有5例死亡(1例移植失败,2例器官衰竭,2例感染),而没有与GVHD相关的TRM。与历史对照组的比较(表)显示,基于托珠单抗的dCBT与单独的CSA / MMF dCBT相似,具有相似的植入,降低的PES,降低的严重aGVHD和相似的OS。II-III级和III级aGVHD在第100天的累积发生率分别为62%(95%CI:39-78)和4%(95%CI:<1-17)(图)。虽然有16名患者出现了较高的GI aGVHD,但有6个患者的0+期(凳子容积<500 cc)有较低的GI aGVHD,更严重的较低的GI发生率很低[第1阶段(n = 2),第3阶段(n = 1 )&no stage 4]。幸存者中位随访时间为314天,一年总体生存率(OS)为77%(95%:61-98)。迄今为止,在26例患者中有5例死亡(1例移植失败,2例器官衰竭,2例感染),而没有与GVHD相关的TRM。与历史对照的比较(表)显示,基于托珠单抗的dCBT与单独的CSA / MMF dCBT相似,具有相似的植入,减少的PES,严重的aGVHD和相似的OS。II-III级和III级aGVHD在第100天的累积发生率分别为62%(95%CI:39-78)和4%(95%CI:<1-17)(图)。虽然有16名患者出现了较高的GI aGVHD,但有6个患者的0+期(凳子容积<500 cc)有较低的GI aGVHD,更严重的较低的GI发生率很低[第1阶段(n = 2),第3阶段(n = 1 )&no stage 4]。幸存者中位随访时间为314天,一年总体生存率(OS)为77%(95%:61-98)。迄今为止,在26例患者中有5例死亡(1例移植失败,2例器官衰竭,2例感染),而没有与GVHD相关的TRM。与历史对照组的比较(表)显示,基于托珠单抗的dCBT与单独的CSA / MMF dCBT相似,具有相似的植入,降低的PES,降低的严重aGVHD和相似的OS。1-17)(图)。虽然有16名患者出现了较高的GI aGVHD,但有6个患者的0+期(凳子容积<500 cc)有较低的GI aGVHD,更严重的较低的GI发生率很低[第1阶段(n = 2),第3阶段(n = 1 )&no stage 4]。幸存者中位随访时间为314天,一年总体生存率(OS)为77%(95%:61-98)。迄今为止,在26例患者中有5例死亡(1例移植失败,2例器官衰竭,2例感染),而没有与GVHD相关的TRM。与历史对照组的比较(表)显示,基于托珠单抗的dCBT与单独的CSA / MMF dCBT相似,具有相似的植入,降低的PES,降低的严重aGVHD和相似的OS。1-17)(图)。虽然有16名患者出现了较高的GI aGVHD,但有6个患者的0+期(凳子容积<500 cc)有较低的GI aGVHD,更严重的较低的GI发生率很低[第1阶段(n = 2),第3阶段(n = 1 )&no stage 4]。幸存者中位随访时间为314天,一年总体生存率(OS)为77%(95%:61-98)。迄今为止,在26例患者中有5例死亡(1例移植失败,2例器官衰竭,2例感染),而没有与GVHD相关的TRM。与历史对照组的比较(表)显示,基于托珠单抗的dCBT与单独的CSA / MMF dCBT相似,具有相似的植入,降低的PES,降低的严重aGVHD和相似的OS。第3阶段(n = 1),没有第4阶段]。幸存者中位随访时间为314天,一年总体生存率(OS)为77%(95%:61-98)。迄今为止,在26例患者中有5例死亡(1例移植失败,2例器官衰竭,2例感染),而没有与GVHD相关的TRM。与历史对照组的比较(表)显示,基于托珠单抗的dCBT与单独的CSA / MMF dCBT相似,具有相似的植入,降低的PES,降低的严重aGVHD和相似的OS。第3阶段(n = 1),没有第4阶段]。幸存者中位随访时间为314天,一年总体生存率(OS)为77%(95%:61-98)。迄今为止,在26例患者中有5例死亡(1例移植失败,2例器官衰竭,2例感染),而没有与GVHD相关的TRM。与历史对照组的比较(表)显示,基于托珠单抗的dCBT与单独的CSA / MMF dCBT相似,具有相似的植入,降低的PES,降低的严重aGVHD和相似的OS。

结论

基于Tocilizumab的dCBT可以降低PES和III-IV级aGVHD的出现,因此很安全。虽然许多患者开发了较高的GI aGVHD,但较低的GI aGVHD的显着减少支持了T细胞归巢到较低的肠道的优先减少。目前正在研究这种方法,包括aGVHD治疗反应,免疫恢复和相关生物标志物/微生物群研究。

更新日期:2020-01-23
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