Abstract This paper presents Late Devonian (Frasnian–Famennian) global and regional paleogeographic maps displaying present day coastlines, tectonic elements' boundaries, subductions, rifts, spreading centers, transform faults, paleogeographic configuration and volcanism 370 million years ago. The regional maps illustrate the paleoenvironment and paleolithofacies distribution. The Late Devonian was a time of the onset and development of a major collisional event, the Variscan orogeny. The trench-pulling (or slab-pull) effect of the north dipping subduction, which developed along the Laurussia margin, caused the creation of the back-arc Rheno-Hercynian basin, as well as the transfer of tectonic elements. These tectonic elements included Saxothuringian, Southern Proto-Carpathian and Balkan terranes. The Antler and Ellesmerian orogenies constituted major collisional events in North America. The spreading of the Paleotethys Ocean constituted the main extensional event. This spreading is associated with the movement of tectonic elements towards Laurussia, Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan. In addition, a branch of the Paleotethys Ocean was opened between South China and Gondwana, during the Late Devonian times. The spreading was displayed along the proto-Andean margin of western Gondwana and is thought to have opened the newly proposed Chilean Ocean. The development of major rift systems took place throughout Laurussia and Siberia. Late Devonian rifting was associated with volcanic activity, especially prominent in the Viluy rift in Siberia. The deposition, during the Late Devonian time, is characterized by the existence of large carbonate platforms with reefs on large continents and synorogenic flysch in collisional areas. The sea-level dropped towards the Devonian- Carboniferous boundary. The climate was undergoing change from greenhouse to icehouse. The following plate tectonic events could have influenced the extinction of biotas at the Frasnian-Famennian boundary: 1) The very extensive basaltic volcanism in Laurussia and Siberian and along the arcs. 2) The closure of the Rheic Ocean and the development of the Variscan orogeny. 3) Intensive spreading in the Paleotethys and the development of numerous subductions and volcanic arcs. These events resembled a transition from a rift to a drift phase, during the Permian–Mesozoic break-up of Pangaea. This break-up was associated with other biota extinctions.

中文翻译：

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全球板块构造框架下的晚泥盆世古地理

摘要 本文展示了晚泥盆世（Frasnian-Famennian）全球和区域古地理图，显示了 3.7 亿年前的现代海岸线、构造要素边界、俯冲、裂谷、扩张中心、转换断层、古地理构造和火山活动。区域图说明了古环境和古岩相分布。晚泥盆世是重大碰撞事件发生和发展的时期，即瓦利斯坎造山运动。沿劳鲁士边缘发育的北倾俯冲的拉槽（或板片拉）效应导致弧后流诺-海西盆地的形成，以及构造要素的转移。这些构造元素包括萨克索林阶、南原始喀尔巴阡和巴尔干地体。鹿角和 Ellesmerian 造山运动构成了北美的主要碰撞事件。古特提斯洋的扩张是主要的伸展事件。这种扩张与构造元素向劳俄罗斯、西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦北部的运动有关。此外，在晚泥盆世，在华南和冈瓦纳之间开辟了古特提斯洋的一个分支。这种扩张显示在冈瓦纳西部的原安第斯边缘，被认为打开了新提出的智利洋。主要裂谷系统的发展发生在整个劳俄罗斯和西伯利亚。晚泥盆世裂谷与火山活动有关，在西伯利亚的维卢伊裂谷尤为突出。沉积，在晚泥盆世时期，其特点是在大洲存在带礁的大型碳酸盐台地，在碰撞区存在共生复理石。海平面向泥盆纪-石炭纪边界下降。气候正在经历从温室到冰库的变化。以下板块构造事件可能影响了弗拉斯尼阶-法门阶边界生物群的灭绝：1) 劳鲁士和西伯利亚以及弧沿线非常广泛的玄武岩火山活动。2）Rheic洋的闭合和Variscan造山运动的发展。3) 古特提斯的密集扩张和大量俯冲和火山弧的发展。这些事件类似于在 Pangaea 的二叠纪-中生代分裂期间从裂谷到漂移阶段的过渡。这种分裂与其他生物群灭绝有关。