Effective hemostasis as well as antibacterial infection are the urgent challenge for deep, narrow, irregular, and non-compressible wounds. In this work, a robust 3D porous sponges with quaternary chitin/partially deacetylated chitin nanofibers as its skeleton (QCNS) was reported. Thanks to the interconnected microporous, hydrophilicity and robust mechanical properties, QCNS possessed high-water absorption ratio (7534 ± 151% ∼ 13044 ± 275%) and even displayed superfast water/blood-trigged shape recovery performance (less than 1 s), allowing it to be delivered into the wound cavity in the shape of small particle and fleetly expand its volume on contacting the blood to fill the wound. Furthermore, due to its high-water uptake and positive-charge feature, QCNS could attract and stimulate blood cells/platelets, thus further promoting blood coagulation. When applied in the cylindrical wound on rat liver as noncompressible wound models, QCNS displayed superior hemostatic performance than traditional hemostatic materials such as medical gauze, gelatin sponge and Celox™. More importantly, QCNS displayed excellent antibacterial activity, cytocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. These outstanding superiorities in water absorption, water-trigged shape recovery, mechanical properties, blood-clotting ability, cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, as well as antibacterial activity endow QCNS high potential application in hemostasis for noncompressible trauma and ballistic injuries.

对于深，窄，不规则和不可压缩的伤口，有效的止血以及抗菌感染是迫在眉睫的挑战。在这项工作中，报告了一种坚固的3D多孔海绵，其中季铵化/部分脱乙酰化的几丁质纳米纤维为骨架（QCNS）。由于具有相互连接的微孔，亲水性和强大的机械性能，QCNS具有高吸水率（7534±151％〜13044±275％），甚至表现出超快的水/血触发形状恢复性能（小于1 s），因此它以小颗粒的形式被输送到伤口腔中，并在接触血液以填充伤口时迅速扩大其体积。此外，由于其高吸水和正电荷功能，QCNS可以吸引和刺激血细胞/血小板，从而进一步促进血液凝结。当以不可压缩的伤口模型应用于大鼠肝脏的圆柱形伤口时，QCNS的止血性能优于传统的止血材料，例如医用纱布，明胶海绵和Celox™。更重要的是，QCNS具有出色的抗菌活性，细胞相容性和血液相容性。QCNS在吸水，水触发形状恢复，机械性能，凝血能力，细胞相容性，血液相容性以及抗菌活性方面的这些突出优势赋予QCNS在不可压缩创伤和弹道损伤止血中的潜在应用潜力。更重要的是，QCNS具有出色的抗菌活性，细胞相容性和血液相容性。QCNS在吸水，水触发形状恢复，机械性能，凝血能力，细胞相容性，血液相容性以及抗菌活性方面的这些突出优势赋予QCNS在不可压缩创伤和弹道损伤止血中的潜在应用潜力。更重要的是，QCNS具有出色的抗菌活性，细胞相容性和血液相容性。QCNS在吸水，水触发形状恢复，机械性能，凝血能力，细胞相容性，血液相容性以及抗菌活性方面的这些突出优势赋予QCNS在不可压缩创伤和弹道损伤止血中的潜在应用潜力。