Carbons with specific morphologies, compositions and structures have aroused scientific and technological interest due to their intriguing and overwhelming properties for multi-purpose applications. Herein, a novel route to convert Knoevenagel copolymer into hydrangea-like, N/O codoped, and high-surface-area porous carbon (HPC) spheres with excellent supercapacitive performances is presented. By crosslinking p-phenylenediacetonitrile with two aromatic aldehyde co-monomers, as-prepared material exhibits a unique architecture of intertwined nanosheets uniformly self-assembled on the surfaces of microporous spheres. Featuring a large adsorbing platform (1963 m² g⁻¹), multi-scale pore structure and diverse N/O functional groups, HPC electrode carbonized-activated at the optimal temperature of 700 °C yields a prominent capacitance of 330 F g^–1 at 1 A g^–1, along with a satisfactory rate capability of 221 F g^–1 at 20 A g^–1 in KOH electrolyte. More importantly, taking advantage of a refined interphase between the high-concentration water-in-salt Li-TFSI layer and the ion-accessible hydrangea surface, HPC-based supercapacitor gives a higher energy delivery of 32.9 Wh kg⁻¹ at 575 W kg⁻¹ than the common devices using KOH (10.93 Wh kg⁻¹ at 100 W kg⁻¹) and Na₂SO₄ (24.9 Wh kg⁻¹ at 180 W kg⁻¹), with high-voltage aqueous durability of 90.5% retention over 10000 cycles at 2.3 V. This inspiring work enriches the methodology for fabricating functionalized carbon spheres that are expected to boom diverse applications.

具有特定形态，组成和结构的碳因其对多用途应用的吸引人和压倒性特性而引起了科学和技术兴趣。本文中，提出了一种新的途径，将Knoevenagel共聚物转变为绣球状，N / O共掺杂和具有超强电容性能的高表面积多孔碳（HPC）球。通过将对苯二乙腈与两种芳族醛共聚单体交联，制得的材料表现出独特的相互缠绕的纳米片结构，这些纳米片均匀地自组装在微孔球表面上。具有大型吸附平台（1963 m ² g ^-1），多尺度的孔结构和不同的N / O官能团，在700°C的最佳温度下碳化活化的HPC电极在1 A g ^–1时产生330 F g ^–1的显着电容，并具有令人满意的速率在20 A g ^–1的KOH电解质中具有221 F g ^–1的容量。更重要的是，利用高浓度的盐分水Li-TFSI层和离子可接触的绣球表面之间的精细相界面，基于HPC的超级电容器在575 W kg下提供了32.9 Wh kg ^-1的更高能量输送^-1比使用KOH的常见设备（10.93公斤瓦^-1在100W千克^-1）和Na ₂ SO ₄（24.9瓦千克^-1在180W的千克^-1）中，用在2.3 V. 90.5％保留在10000次循环的高压水耐久性这激励工作丰富用于制造被预期到动臂的各种应用官能碳球的方法。