BACKGROUND The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of disinfection and three different sterilization methods on the dimensional changes and mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) printed surgical guide for implant therapy. The objective was to assess the effects of sterilization procedures in 3D printed drill guide templates with destructive and non-destructive material testing. METHODS Fifteen identical drill guide templates were produced using a 3D printer. The surgical guides were classified into five groups: three controls, three disinfected (4% Gigasept®, 60 min), three plasma sterilized, three autoclave sterilized (+ 1 bar, 121 °C, 20 min), and three autoclave sterilized (+ 2 bar, 134 °C, 10 min). The templates were digitalized with a Steinbichler SCAN ST 3D scanner. Length was measured under an SZX16 stereomicroscope. A scanning electron microscope was used to study the surface morphology of the drill templates. The hardness, and flexural and compressive strength were measured to assess any changes in the physical characteristics of the material caused by sterilization. The drill guide templates were also examined with a Dage XiDAT 6600 X-ray. During the X-ray examinations, the following parameters were used: 100 kV voltage, 128 AVG averaging, 0.8 W power. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to detect the difference between groups. RESULTS Evaluation of the hardness measurements of the various specimens shows that the hardness of the material was not changed by the plasma sterilization (p = 0.0680), steam sterilization on 121 °C (p = 0.6033) or disinfection process (p = 0.1399). The statistical analysis revealed significant difference in hardness strength of the autoclave sterilized (134 °C) specimens (p = 0.0002). There was no significant difference between the goups regarding the scanning electron microscopic and stereomicroscopic examinations. There was no significant difference regarding the X-ray visibility of the templates to the effect of the disinfection (p = 0.7844), plasma sterilization (p = 0.4091) and steam sterilization on 121 °C (p = 0.9277) and steam sterilization on 131 °C (p = 0.093). The effect of the sterilization was the same in case of both flexural and compressive strength of the material. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that plasma sterilization and steam sterilization at 121 °C were both suitable for sterilizing the tested 3D printed surgical guides.

中文翻译：

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消毒和灭菌对3D打印的植入物治疗手术指南的尺寸变化和机械性能的影响-初步研究。

背景技术本研究的目的是研究消毒和三种不同的消毒方法对用于植入治疗的三维（3D）打印外科指南的尺寸变化和机械性能的影响。目的是通过破坏性和非破坏性材料测试来评估3D打印钻头引导模板中灭菌程序的效果。方法使用3D打印机制作了十五个相同的钻孔导向模板。手术指南分为五组：三组对照，三组消毒（4％Gigasept®，60分钟），三组血浆灭菌，三组高压灭菌器（+1 bar，121°C，20分钟）和三级高压灭菌器（+ 2 bar，134°C，10分钟）。使用Steinbichler SCAN ST 3D扫描仪将模板数字化。在SZX16立体显微镜下测量长度。使用扫描电子显微镜研究钻头模板的表面形态。测量硬度，抗弯强度和抗压强度以评估由灭菌引起的材料物理特性的任何变化。还使用Dage XiDAT 6600 X射线检查了钻导模板。在X射线检查期间，使用了以下参数：100 kV电压，128 AVG平均，0.8 W功率。单向方差分析（ANOVA）用于检测组之间的差异。结果对各种样品的硬度测量结果的评估表明，等离子体灭菌（p = 0.0680），121°C的蒸汽灭菌（p = 0.6033）或消毒过程（p = 0.1399）不会改变材料的硬度。统计分析表明，高压灭菌器灭菌（134°C）样品的硬度强度存在显着差异（p = 0.0002）。在扫描电子显微镜和立体显微镜检查之间，组之间没有显着差异。模板的X射线可见性对消毒效果（p = 0.7844），等离子灭菌（p = 0.4091）和121°C的蒸汽灭菌（p = 0.9277）和131的蒸汽灭菌的影响没有显着差异℃（p ＝ 0.093）。在材料的抗弯强度和抗压强度方面，灭菌效果是相同的。结论我们的发现表明，在121°C下进行等离子灭菌和蒸汽灭菌均适用于对经过测试的3D打印手术指南进行灭菌。