BACKGROUND Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK) is one of the main Ca2+ combined protein kinase that play significant roles in plant growth, development and response to multiple stresses. Despite an important member of the stress responsive gene family, little is known about the evolutionary history and expression patterns of CPK genes in pineapple. RESULTS Herein, we identified and characterized 17 AcoCPK genes from pineapple genome, which were unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. Based on the gene structure and phylogenetic tree analyses, AcoCPKs were divided into four groups with conserved domain. Synteny analysis identified 7 segmental duplication events of AcoCPKs and 5 syntenic blocks of CPK genes between pineapple and Arabidopsis, and 8 between pineapple and rice. Expression pattern of different tissues and development stages suggested that several genes are involved in the functional development of plants. Different expression levels under various abiotic stresses also indicated that the CPK family underwent functional divergence during long-term evolution. AcoCPK1, AcoCPK3 and AcoCPK6, which were repressed by the abiotic stresses, were shown to be function in regulating pathogen resistance. CONCLUSIONS 17 AcoCPK genes from pineapple genome were identified. Our analyses provide an important foundation for understanding the potential roles of AcoCPKs in regulating pineapple response to biotic and abiotic stresses.

中文翻译：

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菠萝中钙依赖性蛋白激酶基因家族的全基因组研究：在发育和应激过程中的进化和表达谱。

背景技术钙依赖性蛋白激酶（CPK）是主要的Ca 2+结合蛋白激酶之一，其在植物生长，发育和对多种胁迫的响应中起重要作用。尽管是应激反应基因家族的重要成员，但对菠萝中CPK基因的进化历史和表达模式知之甚少。结果在本文中，我们从菠萝基因组中鉴定并鉴定了17个AcoCPK基因，这些基因在8条染色体上分布不均。根据基因结构和系统进化树分析，将AcoCPKs分为具有保守结构域的四个组。同源性分析确定了菠萝和拟南芥之间AcoCPKs的7个片段重复事件和CPK基因的5个同义块，菠萝和水稻之间有8个。不同组织和发育阶段的表达模式表明几种基因参与植物的功能发育。在各种非生物胁迫下的不同表达水平也表明，CPK家族在长期进化过程中发生了功能差异。非生物胁迫抑制了AcoCPK1，AcoCPK3和AcoCPK6在调节病原体抗性中的功能。结论鉴定出来自菠萝基因组的17个AcoCPK基因。我们的分析为理解AcoCPK在调节菠萝对生物和非生物胁迫的响应中的潜在作用提供了重要的基础。在各种非生物胁迫下的不同表达水平也表明，CPK家族在长期进化过程中发生了功能差异。非生物胁迫抑制了AcoCPK1，AcoCPK3和AcoCPK6在调节病原体抗性中的功能。结论鉴定出来自菠萝基因组的17个AcoCPK基因。我们的分析为理解AcoCPK在调节菠萝对生物和非生物胁迫的响应中的潜在作用提供了重要的基础。在各种非生物胁迫下的不同表达水平也表明，CPK家族在长期进化过程中发生了功能差异。非生物胁迫抑制了AcoCPK1，AcoCPK3和AcoCPK6在调节病原体抗性中的功能。结论鉴定出来自菠萝基因组的17个AcoCPK基因。我们的分析为理解AcoCPK在调节菠萝对生物和非生物胁迫的响应中的潜在作用提供了重要的基础。