Arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins not only contribute to the development of inflammation as intercellular pro-inflammatory mediators, but also promote the excitability of the peripheral somatosensory system, contributing to pain exacerbation. Peripheral tissues undergo many forms of diseases that are frequently accompanied by inflammation. The somatosensory nerves innervating the inflamed areas experience heightened excitability and generate and transmit pain signals. Extensive studies have been carried out to elucidate how prostaglandins play their roles for such signaling at the cellular and molecular levels. Here, we briefly summarize the roles of arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins, focusing on four prostaglandins and one thromboxane, particularly in terms of their actions on afferent nociceptors. We discuss the biosynthesis of the prostaglandins, their specific action sites, the pathological alteration of the expression levels of related proteins, the neuronal outcomes of receptor stimulation, their correlation with behavioral nociception, and the pharmacological efficacy of their regulators. This overview will help to a better understanding of the pathological roles that prostaglandins play in the somatosensory system and to a finding of critical molecular contributors to normalizing pain.

中文翻译：

---

花生四烯酸衍生的前列腺素对周围伤害感受作用的分子机制。

花生四烯酸衍生的前列腺素不仅作为细胞间促炎介质而促进炎症的发展，而且还促进外周体感系统的兴奋性，从而加剧疼痛。周围组织会经历多种形式的疾病，并经常伴有炎症。支配发炎区域的体感神经兴奋性增强，并产生并传递疼痛信号。已经进行了广泛的研究，以阐明前列腺素如何在细胞和分子水平上发挥这种信号传导的作用。在这里，我们简要概述了花生四烯酸衍生的前列腺素的作用，重点是四种前列腺素和一种血栓烷，特别是它们对传入伤害感受器的作用。我们讨论了前列腺素的生物合成，它们的特定作用位点，相关蛋白表达水平的病理改变，受体刺激的神经元结果，它们与行为伤害感受的相关性以及其调节剂的药理作用。本概述将有助于更好地了解前列腺素在体感系统中的病理作用，并有助于发现使疼痛正常化的关键分子。