The coexistence of cultural identities and their interaction is a fundamental topic of social sciences that is not easily addressed in prehistory. Differences in mortuary treatment can help approach this issue. Here, we present a multi-isotope study to track both diet and mobility through the life histories of 32 broadly coeval Late Neolithic individuals interred in caves and in megalithic graves of a restricted region of northern Iberia. The results show significant differences in infant- and child-rearing practices, in subsistence strategies, and in landscape use between burial locations. From this, we posit that the presence of communities with distinct lifestyles and cultural backgrounds is a primary reason for Late Neolithic variability in burial location in Western Europe and provides evidence of an early "them and us" scenario. We argue that this differentiation could have played a role in the building of lasting structures of socioeconomic inequality and, occasionally, violent conflict.

中文翻译：

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在新石器时代晚期的欧洲，出现了多种多样的文化证据。

文化身份的共存及其相互作用是社会科学的一个基本主题，在史前时代很难轻易解决。太平间的不同处理可以帮助解决此问题。在这里，我们提出了一项多同位素研究，通过追踪32位广泛中世纪的新石器时代晚期新石器时代个体的生活历史来追踪饮食和活动性，这些个体埋葬在伊比利亚北部受限地区的洞穴和巨石坟墓中。结果表明，在埋葬地点之间，婴儿和儿童的抚养方式，生存策略以及景观使用存在显着差异。据此，我们认为，具有不同生活方式和文化背景的社区的存在是西欧时期新石器时代晚期墓葬所在地变异的主要原因，并且为早期的“他们与我们”场景提供了证据。