When humans age, changes in body composition arise along with lifestyle‐associated disorders influencing fitness and physical decline. Here we provide a comprehensive view of dietary intake, physical activity, gut microbiota (GM), and host metabolome in relation to physical fitness of 207 community‐dwelling subjects aged +65 years. Stratification on anthropometric/body composition/physical performance measurements (ABPm) variables identified two phenotypes (high/low‐fitness) clearly linked to dietary intake, physical activity, GM, and host metabolome patterns. Strikingly, despite a higher energy intake high‐fitness subjects were characterized by leaner bodies and lower fasting proinsulin‐C‐peptide/blood glucose levels in a mechanism likely driven by higher dietary fiber intake, physical activity and increased abundance of Bifidobacteriales and Clostridiales species in GM and associated metabolites (i.e., enterolactone). These factors explained 50.1% of the individual variation in physical fitness. We propose that targeting dietary strategies for modulation of GM and host metabolome interactions may allow establishing therapeutic approaches to delay and possibly revert comorbidities of aging.

中文翻译：

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社区居民中老年人的身体健康与饮食摄入，肠道菌群和代谢组学特征有关。

当人类衰老时，身体成分的变化以及与生活方式相关的影响健身和身体衰退的疾病都会出现。在这里，我们提供了与207岁以上65岁以上社区居民的身体健康相关的饮食摄入，身体活动，肠道菌群（GM）和宿主代谢组的综合视图。人体测量/身体成分/身体表现测量（ABPm）变量的分层确定了两种表型（高/低适应性），这些表型与饮食摄入，身体活动，GM和宿主代谢组模式明显相关。令人惊讶的是，尽管高能量摄入者的身体健康，但其特点是身体更瘦，空腹胰岛素原C肽/血糖水平较低，其机制可能是膳食纤维摄入量增加，GM和相关代谢产物（即肠内酯）中双歧杆菌和梭菌物种的体力活动和丰度增加。这些因素解释了50.1％的个体身体健康差异。我们建议针对性的饮食策略来调节GM和宿主代谢组间的相互作用可能允许建立治疗方法以延缓并可能恢复衰老合并症。