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Metal(loid) exposure assessment and biomarker responses in captive and free-ranging European brown bear (Ursus arctos).
Environmental Research ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109166
Maja Lazarus 1 , Tatjana Orct 1 , Agnieszka Sergiel 2 , Lana Vranković 3 , Vlatka Filipović Marijić 4 , Dubravka Rašić 1 , Slaven Reljić 3 , Jasna Aladrović 3 , Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica 5 , Filip Zięba 5 , Jasna Jurasović 1 , Marijana Erk 4 , Robert Maślak 6 , Nuria Selva 2 , Đuro Huber 2
Affiliation  

We investigated the level of five non-essential metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Hg, Tl, Pb) and nine essential metals (Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo) in hair and blood components of captive and free-ranging European brown bear populations in Croatia and Poland. Metal(loid) associations with biomarkers of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione-peroxidase, GSH-Px; malondialdehyde, MDA) and metal exposure (metallothionein, MT) were estimated in this top predatory mammal. Lead was the most abundant non-essential metal(loid) in both blood and hair, with 4 of 35 individuals having blood levels over 100 μg/L. A positive association was found between Pb level and SOD activity in blood. Free-ranging bears had higher blood SOD activity, Mn, Zn and Cd levels, hair Co, Cd, Tl and Pb compared to captive individuals, while the opposite was true for Mg and hair Ca thereby reflecting habitat and diet differences. With increasing age, animals showed lower levels of SOD activity and certain essential metals. Females had higher SOD activity and blood levels of some essential metals than males. Hair showed a higher Fe and Co level when sampled during the growth phase and was not predictive of non-essential metal(loid) blood levels. The established metal(loid) baseline values will enable future risk assessment in both captive and wild European brown bear populations.

中文翻译:

圈养和自由放养的欧洲棕熊(Ursus arctos)中的金属(类)暴露评估和生物标记反应。

我们调查了头发中的五种非必需金属(砷,镉,汞,Tl,Pb)和九种必需金属(镁,钙,锰,铁,钴,铜,锌,硒,钼)的水平和克罗地亚和波兰的自由放养欧洲棕熊种群的血液成分。据估计,在该顶级掠食性哺乳动物中,金属(金属)与氧化应激的生物标记物(超氧化物歧化酶,SOD;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶,GSH-Px;丙二醛,MDA)和金属暴露量(金属硫蛋白,MT)相关。铅是血液和头发中最丰富的非必需金属(胶体),在35个人中有4个人的血液水平超过100μg/ L。在血液中铅水平和超氧化物歧化酶活性之间发现正相关。与圈养的个体相比,自由放养的熊具有更高的血液SOD活性,Mn,Zn和Cd水平,头发Co,Cd,Tl和Pb,而镁和头发钙则相反,从而反映出生境和饮食差异。随着年龄的增长,动物表现出较低水平的SOD活性和某些必需金属。女性比男性具有更高的SOD活性和某些必需金属的血液水平。在生长期采样时,头发显示出较高的铁和钴水平,并不能预测非必需的金属(胶体)血液水平。既定的金属(胶体)基线值将使将来在圈养和野生欧洲棕熊种群中进行风险评估成为可能。在生长期采样时,头发显示出较高的铁和钴水平,并不能预测非必需的金属(胶体)血液水平。既定的金属(胶体)基线值将使将来在圈养和野生欧洲棕熊种群中进行风险评估成为可能。在生长期采样时,头发显示出较高的铁和钴水平,并不能预测非必需的金属(胶体)血液水平。既定的金属(胶体)基准值将使将来能够对圈养和野生欧洲棕熊种群进行风险评估。
更新日期:2020-01-23
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