Exposure to anaesthetic drugs during the fetal or neonatal period induces widespread neuronal apoptosis in the brains of rodents and non-human primates. Hundreds of published preclinical studies and nearly 20 clinical studies have documented cognitive and behavioural deficits many months or years later, raising the spectre that early life anaesthesia exposure is a long-term, perhaps permanent, insult that might affect the quality of life of millions of humans. Although the phenomenon of anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity is well characterised, there are important and lingering questions pertaining to sex differences and neurodevelopmental sequelae that might occur differentially in females and males. We review the relevant literature on sex differences in the field of anaesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity, and present an emerging pattern of potential sex-dependent neurodevelopmental abnormalities in rodent models of human infant anaesthesia exposure.

中文翻译：

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早期麻醉暴露引起的神经发育异常的性别差异：叙事回顾。

在胎儿或新生儿期间接触麻醉药会在啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物的大脑中引起广泛的神经元凋亡。数以百计的已发表的临床前研究和近20项临床研究记录了许多月或数年后的认知和行为缺陷，这使人们推测，早期麻醉暴露是一种长期的，可能是永久的，可能影响数百万名患者生活质量的侮辱。人类。尽管麻醉引起的发育性神经毒性现象已得到很好的表征，但仍然存在与性别差异和神经发育后遗症有关的重要而又挥之不去的问题，男女可能会有所不同。我们回顾了有关麻醉诱导的发育性神经毒性领域中性别差异的相关文献，