Abstract Reducing mechanical losses in internal combustion engines has been a recurrent research topic over the past few decades. Despite mechanical losses are a key issue that should be carefully addressed to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, its distribution amongst engine elements is barely covered in literature. Recent work has shown the potential advantage of using low viscosity engine oils to reduce fuel consumption, however, there is reduced knowledge on mechanical losses distribution under transient conditions. In this work, a model is presented that predicts not only the total friction losses of an engine, but determines the amount of friction energy lost in piston-ring assembly, engine bearings, camshaft and engine auxiliaries in driving cycles representing a real driving route. The stationary mechanical losses engine maps can be used due to non-dependence on mechanical losses with temperature in warm driving cycle conditions. The final results of the simulation predicts, with 2% error, fuel consumption, energy expended by the driven wheel and mechanical losses of the engine. This methodology reduces the computational cost to estimate key engine parameters in a real driving cycle such as: mechanical losses and its distribution, fuel consumption... as the total calculation time is 10 s per cycle simulated.

中文翻译：

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一种估算实际驾驶循环中机械损失及其分布的方法

摘要 在过去的几十年里，减少内燃机的机械损失一直是一个反复出现的研究课题。尽管机械损失是一个应该仔细解决以减少燃料消耗和排放的关键问题，但它在发动机元件中的分布在文献中几乎没有涉及。最近的工作显示了使用低粘度发动机油来降低燃料消耗的潜在优势，但是，关于瞬态条件下机械损失分布的知识减少了。在这项工作中，提出了一个模型，该模型不仅可以预测发动机的总摩擦损失，还可以确定代表真实行驶路线的驾驶循环中活塞环组件、发动机轴承、凸轮轴和发动机辅助设备的摩擦能量损失量。由于在温暖的驾驶循环条件下不依赖于机械损失与温度，因此可以使用固定机械损失发动机图。仿真的最终结果以 2% 的误差预测燃料消耗、从动轮消耗的能量和发动机的机械损失。这种方法降低了在实际驾驶循环中估计关键发动机参数的计算成本，例如：机械损失及其分布、燃料消耗……因为每个模拟循环的总计算时间为 10 秒。