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Exoskeleton dissolution with mechanoreceptor damage in larval Dungeness crab related to severity of present-day ocean acidification vertical gradients.
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136610 Nina Bednaršek 1 , Richard A Feely 2 , Marcus W Beck 3 , Simone R Alin 2 , Samantha A Siedlecki 4 , Piero Calosi 5 , Emily L Norton 6 , Casey Saenger 6 , Jasna Štrus 7 , Dana Greeley 2 , Nikolay P Nezlin 1 , Miranda Roethler 1 , John I Spicer 8
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136610 Nina Bednaršek 1 , Richard A Feely 2 , Marcus W Beck 3 , Simone R Alin 2 , Samantha A Siedlecki 4 , Piero Calosi 5 , Emily L Norton 6 , Casey Saenger 6 , Jasna Štrus 7 , Dana Greeley 2 , Nikolay P Nezlin 1 , Miranda Roethler 1 , John I Spicer 8
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Ocean acidification (OA) along the US West Coast is intensifying faster than observed in the global ocean. This is particularly true in nearshore regions (<200 m) that experience a lower buffering capacity while at the same time providing important habitats for ecologically and economically significant species. While the literature on the effects of OA from laboratory experiments is voluminous, there is little understanding of present-day OA in-situ effects on marine life. Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) is perennially one of the most valuable commercial and recreational fisheries. We focused on establishing OA-related vulnerability of larval crustacean based on mineralogical and elemental carapace to external and internal carapace dissolution by using a combination of different methods ranging from scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental mapping and X-ray diffraction. By integrating carapace features with the chemical observations and biogeochemical model hindcast, we identify the occurrence of external carapace dissolution related to the steepest Ω calcite gradients (∆Ωcal,60) in the water column. Dissolution features are observed across the carapace, pereopods (legs), and around the calcified areas surrounding neuritic canals of mechanoreceptors. The carapace dissolution is the most extensive in the coastal habitats under prolonged (1-month) long exposure, as demonstrated by the use of the model hindcast. Such dissolution has a potential to destabilize mechanoreceptors with important sensory and behavioral functions, a pathway of sensitivity to OA. Carapace dissolution is negatively related to crab larval width, demonstrating a basis for energetic trade-offs. Using a retrospective prediction from a regression models, we estimate an 8.3% increase in external carapace dissolution over the last two decades and identified a set of affected OA-related sublethal pathways to inform future risk assessment studies of Dungeness crabs.
中文翻译：
幼体Dungeness螃蟹的外骨骼溶解和机械感受器损伤与当今海洋酸化垂直梯度的严重性有关。
美国西海岸的海洋酸化（OA）加剧的速度快于全球海洋中观测到的速度。在缓冲能力较低的近岸地区（<200 m）尤其如此，同时为具有生态和经济意义的物种提供重要的栖息地。尽管来自实验室实验的有关OA影响的文献很多，但对当今OA对海洋生物的影响知之甚少。太平洋大蟹（Metacarcinus magister）多年来一直是最有价值的商业和休闲渔业之一。我们集中研究了基于矿物学和元素壳对幼虫甲壳类动物的OA相关脆弱性对内外甲壳溶解的影响，方法是结合使用多种不同的方法，例如扫描电子显微镜，能量色散X射线光谱学，元素映射和X射线衍射。通过将甲壳特征与化学观测结果和后生生物地球化学模型相结合，我们确定了与水柱中最陡的方解石梯度（∆cal，60）有关的外甲溶解的发生。在甲壳，骨足（腿）以及机械感受器神经管周围的钙化区域周围观察到溶解特征。甲壳动物的溶出在长时间（1个月）长时间暴露下在沿海生境中最为广泛，这是通过使用后生模型证明的。这种溶解有可能使具有重要的感觉和行为功能的机械感受器不稳定，这是对OA的敏感性途径。甲壳的溶解与蟹幼体的宽度负相关，展示了权衡取舍的基础。使用回归模型的回顾性预测，我们估计在过去的二十年中外甲的溶出度增加了8.3％，并确定了一组与OA相关的亚致死途径，以为Dungeness蟹的未来风险评估研究提供依据。
更新日期：2020-01-22
中文翻译：
幼体Dungeness螃蟹的外骨骼溶解和机械感受器损伤与当今海洋酸化垂直梯度的严重性有关。
美国西海岸的海洋酸化（OA）加剧的速度快于全球海洋中观测到的速度。在缓冲能力较低的近岸地区（<200 m）尤其如此，同时为具有生态和经济意义的物种提供重要的栖息地。尽管来自实验室实验的有关OA影响的文献很多，但对当今OA对海洋生物的影响知之甚少。太平洋大蟹（Metacarcinus magister）多年来一直是最有价值的商业和休闲渔业之一。我们集中研究了基于矿物学和元素壳对幼虫甲壳类动物的OA相关脆弱性对内外甲壳溶解的影响，方法是结合使用多种不同的方法，例如扫描电子显微镜，能量色散X射线光谱学，元素映射和X射线衍射。通过将甲壳特征与化学观测结果和后生生物地球化学模型相结合，我们确定了与水柱中最陡的方解石梯度（∆cal，60）有关的外甲溶解的发生。在甲壳，骨足（腿）以及机械感受器神经管周围的钙化区域周围观察到溶解特征。甲壳动物的溶出在长时间（1个月）长时间暴露下在沿海生境中最为广泛，这是通过使用后生模型证明的。这种溶解有可能使具有重要的感觉和行为功能的机械感受器不稳定，这是对OA的敏感性途径。甲壳的溶解与蟹幼体的宽度负相关，展示了权衡取舍的基础。使用回归模型的回顾性预测，我们估计在过去的二十年中外甲的溶出度增加了8.3％，并确定了一组与OA相关的亚致死途径，以为Dungeness蟹的未来风险评估研究提供依据。
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