BACKGROUND In the literature under review there are about 300 reported cases of vaginal leiomyomas with none from Cameroon. We report a case of vaginal leiomyoma and highlight the diagnostic challenges faced at the Douala Referral Hospital (DRH), Cameroon. CASE PRESENTATION A 36-year-old G3P3002 sexually active Cameroonian married woman reported dysuria, dyspareunia, cessation of sexual intercourse and offensive smelling vaginal discharge for 6 months and a 3-year history of a vaginal tumour; she was misdiagnosed despite ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but was corrected by an experienced radiologist. She underwent first look laparoscopy, surgical excision of the tumour through the vagina and histopathology analysis that confirmed leiomyoma. CONCLUSION Posterior location of vaginal leiomyomas found in this case is a rare occurrence. The diagnosis is based on careful examination and preoperative imaging (ultrasonography and MRI). However, the definitive diagnosis is usually made intra-operatively. We combined laparoscopic exploration of the internal genital organs and per vaginal excision of the vaginal leiomyoma. Thus, we recommend frozen section biopsy to exclude leiomyosarcoma.

中文翻译：

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阴道平滑肌瘤：资源不足的三级医院的医学影像和诊断：病例报告。

背景技术在综述的文献中，约有300例报告的喀麦隆性阴道平滑肌瘤病例。我们报告了一例阴道平滑肌瘤，并强调了喀麦隆杜阿拉转诊医院（DRH）面临的诊断挑战。病例介绍一名36岁的G3P3002具有性活跃能力的喀麦隆已婚妇女报告有排尿困难，性交困难，性交停止和有恶臭的白带味，持续6个月，并且有3年的阴道肿瘤史。尽管进行了超声检查和磁共振成像（MRI），她仍被误诊，但已由经验丰富的放射科医生纠正。她首先进行了腹腔镜检查，通过阴道手术切除肿瘤以及证实了平滑肌瘤的组织病理学分析。结论在这种情况下发现的阴道平滑肌瘤的后部位置很少发生。诊断基于仔细检查和术前影像检查（超声检查和MRI）。但是，通常在术中进行明确的诊断。我们结合腹腔镜对内部生殖器官的探索和阴道平滑肌瘤的每次阴道切除。因此，我们建议冷冻切片活检以排除平滑肌肉瘤。